Colonial Review and Economics!

First the Technical Words Triangle Trade Mercantilism Salutary Neglect Navigation Acts

Triangle Trade 3 Step Economic System

Triangle Trade Slaves/Sugar/Rum

Mercantilism An economic system that encouraged nations to obtain colonies. The theory stated that a nation increased its wealth in two ways: Obtain as many raw materials as possible (increase their resource market) Establish a “favorable balance of trade” – sell more than they buy (increase their product market)

In other words…. We (the nation: England, France etc In other words….We (the nation: England, France etc.) want wealth…let’s use colonies to do it! And the colony should NOT interact with another country! They’re OURS!

Salutary Neglect As competition for control of Europe grew, England relaxed their control of the American colonies. The colonies begin to experiment with self-government. THEY LIKE IT!

Their purpose was to protect England’s Flow. Navigation Acts After American merchants traded with nations other than England, Parliament imposed the Navigation Acts. Their purpose was to protect England’s Flow.

Some American merchants resented the Navigation Acts and began to trade illegally (smuggle) with other European nations.

Development: Social Cultural Economic Climate/Geography Colonial Review Development: Social Cultural Economic Climate/Geography

Climate Northern/New England Colonies COLD winters! Hot Humid Summers Not a long Growing season Rocky ground!

Climate Middle Colonies Decent Climate – Hot summer, cold winters but….good growing season Good soil not so hilly (think grains—wheat)

Southern Colonies Climate HOT! Humid! Swampy, wet

Cultural Characteristics of New England New England was settled by Puritans seeking freedom from religious persecution in Europe Formed a “Covenant Community” based on the Mayflower Compact and Puritan religious beliefs and were often intolerant of those not sharing their religion They sought economic opportunity and practiced direct democracy through town meetings

Cultural Characteristics Middle Colonies Settled by: By English, Dutch, and German-speaking immigrants seeking religious freedom and economic opportunity.

Cultural Characteristics of Southern Colonies Settled by people seeking economic opportunities. The Virginia “Cavaliers” were English nobility who received large land grants in eastern Virginia from the King of England. Poor English immigrants wanting better lives as small farmers or artisans and settled western Virginia.

Southern Colonies Or were indentured servants who agreed to work on tobacco plantations for a certain period of time to pay for passage to the New World. Hardworking people CATHOLICS- Maryland

Economic Characteristics of the New England Colonies Shipbuilding, fishing (and Whaling), lumbering, small-scale subsistence farming, and eventually, manufacturing. The colonies prospered, reflecting the Puritans’ strong belief in the values of hard work and thrift.

Economic Characteristics of the Middle Colonies Shipbuilding, small-scale farming, (dairy) and trading. Wheat and grain farming Cities such as New York and Philadelphia, began to grow as seaports and commercial centers.

Economic Characteristics of the Southern Colonies “Cash crops” such as tobacco, rice, and indigo for export to Europe. Farther inland, small-scale subsistence farming, hunting, and trading.

Tobacco Indigo

A strong belief in private ownership of property and free enterprise characterized colonial life.

Social Characteristics of the New England Colonies Based on religious standing. The Puritans grew increasingly intolerant of dissenters who challenged the Puritan’s belief in the connection between religion and government. Rhode Island was founded by dissenters fleeing persecution by Puritans in Massachusetts.

Social Characteristics of the Middle Colonies Many religious groups, including the Quakers in Pennsylvania and Lutherans (Hugenots) in New York, who generally believed in religious tolerance. These colonies had more flexible social structures and began to develop a middle class of skilled artisans, entrepreneurs (business owners), and small farmers.

Social Characteristics of the Middle Colonies In the mountains and valleys further inland, society was characterized by small subsistence farmers, hunters and traders of Scots-Irish and English descent.

Social Characteristics of the Southern Colonies Lots of Slavery Lots of Indenture Poor people – Debtors in Georgia Plantation Owners—who become rich

Why was there the development of Indentured Servitude and Slavery? The growth of a plantation-based cash crops agricultural economy in the hot, humid coastal lowlands of the Southern Colonies required LOTS of cheap labor.

Poor persons from Scotland, England, or Ireland Indentured Servitude Some of the labor needs, especially in Virginia, were met by indentured servants. Poor persons from Scotland, England, or Ireland who agreed to work on plantations for a period of time in return for their ticket from Europe or relief from debts.

The Development Slavery Introduction of Slavery by Portugal (the “Middle Passage”) Triangle Trade Most plantation labor used Slaves Some Africans worked as indentured servants. Some earned their freedom, and lived as free citizens.

Triangle Trade 3 Step Economic System

How many religions can you name? Catholic Maryland Quaker Pennsylvania Puritan Massachusetts Baptist Connecticut Anglican Virginia Lutheran New York Jews