Effect of rectal or intravenous tramadol on the incidence of pain-related behaviour after disbudding calves with caustic paste Maria Braz, Maria Carreira, Nuno Carolino, Tania Rodrigues, George Stilwell Applied Animal Behaviour Science Volume 136, Issue 1, Pages 20-25 (January 2012) DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2011.11.011 Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions
Fig. 1 Means of head shakes in calves caustic-paste disbudded with rectal (TR-r) or i.v. tramadol (TR-iv) and without tramadol (C) or sham-disbudded with (TR-SD) or without tramadol (SD). Different letters in the same period denote group differences that are statistically significant (P<0.05). Applied Animal Behaviour Science 2012 136, 20-25DOI: (10.1016/j.applanim.2011.11.011) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions
Fig. 2 Means of ear fkicks in calves caustic-paste disbudded with rectal (TR-r) or i.v. tramadol (TR-iv) and without tramadol (C) or sham-disbudded with (TR-SD) or without tramadol (SD). Different letters in the same period denote group differences that are statistically significant (P<0.05). Applied Animal Behaviour Science 2012 136, 20-25DOI: (10.1016/j.applanim.2011.11.011) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions
Fig. 3 Means of head rubs in calves caustic-paste disbudded with rectal (TR-r) or i.v. tramadol (TR-iv) and without tramadol (C) or sham-disbudded with (TR-SD) or without tramadol (SD). Different letters in the same period denote group differences that are statistically significant (P<0.05). Applied Animal Behaviour Science 2012 136, 20-25DOI: (10.1016/j.applanim.2011.11.011) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions
Fig. 4 Means of transitions in calves caustic-paste disbudded with rectal (TR-r) or i.v. tramadol (TR-iv) and without tramadol (C) or sham-disbudded with (TR-SD) or without tramadol (SD). Different letters in the same period denote group differences that are statistically significant (P<0.05). Applied Animal Behaviour Science 2012 136, 20-25DOI: (10.1016/j.applanim.2011.11.011) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions
Fig. 5 Mean pain scoring ±SE using NRS (0=no pain; 10=very severe pain) of calves caustic-paste disbudded with rectal (TR-r) or i.v. tramadol (TR-iv) and without tramadol (C) or sham-disbudded with (TR-SD) or without tramadol (SD). Different letters in the same period denote group differences that are statistically significant (P<0.05). Applied Animal Behaviour Science 2012 136, 20-25DOI: (10.1016/j.applanim.2011.11.011) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions