What is classification? How do scientists use classification? Bellringer 1/6/16 Unit: 5 Standard: Diversity of Life Learning Target: I can list the characteristics that living things share, and identify what all living things need to survive READ PASSAGE “Why do scientists classify?” on page 43 (textbook) and answer the following questions. What is classification? How do scientists use classification? What is taxonomy?

Bellringer 1/6/16 - Answers What is classification? Process of grouping things based on their similarities. 2) How do scientists use classification? To organize living things into groups so that the organisms are easier to study. 3) What is taxonomy? It is the scientific study of how living things are classified.

Characteristics of life and Hierarchy of life Diversity of Life Characteristics of life and Hierarchy of life

Characteristics of living things All living things are made of cells Unicellular: one cell Multicellular: many cells Living things have different levels of complexity different parts, different functions

Characteristics of living things Living things contain similar chemicals Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Living things get energy from their environment METABOLISM = chemical reactions to get and use energy Those chemicals help maintain HOMEOSTASIS

Characteristics of living things Living things respond and adapt to their environment (stimuli) ALL living things grow and develop Growth –> cell division (mitosis), adding more cells Development –> change to existing structures, adding new functions

Characteristics of living things ALL living things reproduce Asexual – offspring is identical to parent Sexual – offspring is unique ALL living things need food, water, and living space to live Autotrophs – make their own food Heterotroph – feed on other organisms

Hierarchy of Life

Hierarchy of Life Cells – basic unit of life Tissues – made of cells with common structure and function Organs – collection of similar tissues working together to perform a specific life function Organ systems – 2 or more organs working together to perform a major life function Organism – all organ systems forming an individual Population – group of the same species, in the same place, at the same time Community – group of interacting populations in the same area at the same time Ecosystem – groups of interacting communities that are experiencing common abiotic factors Biosphere – the entire part of the planet that can support life

Bellringer 1/7/16 Unit: 5 Standard: Diversity of Life Learning Target: I can list the hierarchy of life from smallest to largest READ PASSAGE “The naming system of Linnaeus” (including “Genus and Species” on page 44 from textbook and answer the following questions. Who was Linnaeus and why is he important? What does “binomial nomenclature” mean? Explain what genus and species mean.

Bellringer 1/7/16 - Answers Who was Linnaeus and why is he important? He was a Swedish naturalist that devised a system of naming organisms that is still used today. 2) What does “binomial nomenclature” mean? It means 2 names (genus + species). 3) Explain what genus and species mean. Genus is a group that contains similar, closely related organisms. Species is a group of similar organisms that can mate and produce offspring that can also reproduce.

Taxonomy

Taxonomy Classification: grouping of organisms based on similarities Taxonomy: study of how organisms are classified Aristotle: created 1st system of classification (plant or animal) Linnaeus: “father of modern taxonomy” Used LATIN to name organisms (no one speaks it -> it doesn’t change Each species has a unique name System is called “binomial nomenclature”(2 names system)

Binomial Nomenclature Felis domesticus or Felis domesticus Capital lower caser BOTH words underlines or BOTH words italicized Taxonomic keys: - useful to determine the identity of organisms - They are a series of paired statements that describe physical characteristics

Classification Dear Domain: total of 3 – 2 are Prokaryotes; 1 Eukaryotes King Kingdom: 6 Kingdoms Phillip Phylum: contain different classes Came Class: examples are Mammalia, Reptilia, Amphibia, etc. Over Order: contain similar families For Family: contain one or more similar Genera Green Genus: contain one or more Species makes up scientific Salad Species*: most specific level; name *Individuals that can mate and produce a fertile offspring

Classification (taxonomy levels)

Bellringer 1/8/16 Unit: 5 Standard: Diversity of Life Learning Target: I can explain why scientists classify organisms and how they assign scientific names According to pages 34 and 35 on your textbook: What are the characteristics of living things? According to pages 38, 39 and 40 on your textbook: 2) What are the needs of living things?

Bellringer 1/8/16 - Answers What are the characteristics of living things? Cellular organization, contain similar chemicals, use energy, respond to their surroundings, grow and develop, and reproduce. 2) What are the needs of living things? Water, food, living space and stable internal state (homeostasis).

Bellringer 1/11/16 Unit: 5 Standard: Diversity of Life Learning Target: I can describe the contributions of Linnaeus to taxonomy and explain how taxonomic keys are useful According to your notes: What are the hierarchy of life levels, from smallest to largest? What are the taxonomy classification levels? What are the 3 existent domains? (briefly explain each)

Bellringer 1/11/16 - Answers What are the hierarchy of life levels, from smallest to largest? Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem and biosphere. 2) What are the taxonomy classification levels? Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species. 3) What are the 3 existent domains? (briefly explain each) Bacteria (found everywhere), Archae (bacteria found in extreme places), and Eukarya (everything with a nucleus).

Taxonomy Foldable Label each classification level in order on the front of your foldable Write “Levels of Classification” down the left side of your foldable, leaving room for the COMMON NAME of the creature you choose Cut the horizontal lines and glue down the strip on left (“Levels of Classification”) Pick an organism from the list Research the taxonomy levels for that individual and enter information on foldable accordingly Write 2 facts about organisms in that level of classification ORGANISMS: Giraffe Apple tree Shiitake mushroom Gorilla Rattle snake Chicken Polar bear Tree frog Tulip Giant Squid Marlin Golden eagle

Taxonomy foldable - grading Each tab is worth 4 points (labeled correctly – name of classification level of your organism and 2 facts): 32 points total Left margin includes “Levels of Classification” and name of the creature you chose: 4 points Overall presentation of foldable: 4 points TOTAL = 40 points

TAXONOMY FOLDABLE EXAMPLE

Bellringer 1/12/16 Unit: 5 Standard: Diversity of Life Learning Target: I can list the characteristics used to classify organisms into groups According to your notes: List the 6 existent Kingdoms in taxonomy. Give 3 examples of Classes in taxonomy. How is a scientific name formed?

Bellringer 1/12/16 - Answers List the 6 existent Kingdoms in taxonomy. Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Archaebacteria, and Eubacteria. 2) Give 3 examples of Classes in taxonomy. Mammalia, Aves, Reptilia, Amphibia, etc. 3) How is a scientific name formed? Genus in capital letter + species lower case, both words underlined or italicized