Intra-individual gait pattern variability in specific situations: Implications for forensic gait analysis Oliver Ludwig, Steffen Dillinger, Franz Marschall

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Presentation transcript:

Intra-individual gait pattern variability in specific situations: Implications for forensic gait analysis Oliver Ludwig, Steffen Dillinger, Franz Marschall Forensic Science International Volume 264, Pages 15-23 (July 2016) DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.02.043 Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Cyclogram of one gait cycle, each point represents a combination of knee and hip angle. Forensic Science International 2016 264, 15-23DOI: (10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.02.043) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Similarities between the individual test situations for 4 test subjects (A–D). Values equal to or greater than 90% are marked in bold. Combinations highlighted in gray are explained in the text. Forensic Science International 2016 264, 15-23DOI: (10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.02.043) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Hip-knee (left pictures) and knee-foot angle coupling (right pictures) of one test subject in all situations measured. C: initial contact (heel touches down). Forensic Science International 2016 264, 15-23DOI: (10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.02.043) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Scheme of analysis. Forensic Science International 2016 264, 15-23DOI: (10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.02.043) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Cyclograms of the hip-knee coupling of three test subjects (A–C). Forensic Science International 2016 264, 15-23DOI: (10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.02.043) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 Cyclograms of the hip-knee and foot-knee coupling of two test subjects (B, G). Forensic Science International 2016 264, 15-23DOI: (10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.02.043) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 7 Cyclograms of the hip-knee coupling of four test subjects before (shaded areas mark confidence ranges) and after fatigue (dotted lines). Asterisks mark significant differences between confidence ranges. Forensic Science International 2016 264, 15-23DOI: (10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.02.043) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 8 Gait as a control process within the central nervous system. In italics: disturbance variables. Forensic Science International 2016 264, 15-23DOI: (10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.02.043) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 9 Illustration of the problem of gait pattern analysis: at the source level, the probability that a subject generates certain gait patterns must be known. The categorization of a pattern (dotted circle) to be examined is made even more difficult by the similarities between inter- and intra-individual patterns. Forensic Science International 2016 264, 15-23DOI: (10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.02.043) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Forensic Science International 2016 264, 15-23DOI: (10. 1016/j Forensic Science International 2016 264, 15-23DOI: (10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.02.043) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions