The Human Right to Water: The Role of the private Sector in Urban Water Sector Reform (Lagos, Nigeria) Image Source: John Vidal, Guardian Unlimited

Source: thematicmapping Source: thematicmapping.org; Map created by International Planning Case Studies Team

Map of Lagos This slide gives a better sense of Lagos’ geography Image Source:http://www.lonelyplanet.com/maps/africa/nigeria/lagos/

Population density in Nigeria The Federal Republic of Nigeria, comprised of 36 states and the federal capital territory in Abuja, is Africa’s most populous country, with 173 million people. Lagos itself is often listed as one of the world’s largest cities. An estimated 13 million currently live in the metropolis, and UN projections expect the population to exceed 20 million in 2025. Although it is no longer the administrative capital, Lagos remains the nation’s commercial capital Image Source: Victor Omoregie, Vanguard Nigeria

Informal settlement built over the Lagos Lagoon Makoko Informal settlement built over the Lagos Lagoon This image can be compared with the image of the Eko Atlantic Project (next slide) to show where the city and state government seems to be prioritizing investments, in the effort to beautify the city and remake Lagos into a pristine ‘modern’ agglomeration and destination for international investors. Image Source: John Vidal, Guardian Unlimited

Eko Atlantic City The showpiece of the Mega City Project The showpiece project for the Lagos State Government is Eko Atlantic City, a planned expansion of the urban footprint being constructed on land reclaimed from the sea adjacent to Victoria Island, the extremely affluent business and financial center of the state. Image Source: Eko Atlantic

Land reclamation for Eko Atlantic City This shows the construction of Eko from reclaimed land from the sea. Image Source: Google Earth

Drop in percent of urban population with piped water on premises (1990-2015) 30% 20% Over time the urban population in Nigeria has had decreased access to piped water. Graph Source: WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme 2016 10% 1990 1995 2000 2015

Private Sector Participation (PSP) in Lagos water provision This image shows the existence of public/private partnerships in the city. Image Source: Charisma Acey

Promotion of Private Sector Participation (PSP) in Lagos water provision This image further demonstrates the push towards privatization of water services. Image Source: Charisma Acey

Private Sector Participation (PSP) compared against traditional models of water supply This image shows the different types of water supply models

Water Vendor Image Source: Charisma Acey

Water Storage Tanks Households must store water because water supply is intermittent. Image Source: Charisma Acey

Women and girls gear the greatest burden of inadequate and unaffordable water Image Source: Charisma Acey

Private water source Image Source: Charisma Acey

The decision As a World Bank Team Leader on the project advising the Lagos State Water Corporation, you need to make a decision regarding the Request for Inspection. Your options are to: 1. Proceed as planned requiring passage of the water bill. 2. Negotiate with civil society to change how the project is managed and implemented (with no change to the design). 3. Re-design a portion of the project to address concerns raised in the Request for Inspection. 4. Change the nature and design of the entire project.

What actually happened In the end, the World Bank proceeded with the Second National Urban Water Reform Project, requiring the state to pass legislation that primed the water corporation for private investment. The 2004 Water Bill passed in the Lagos state legislature, and the Lagos State Water Corporation (LSWC) was turned into a private asset-holding corporation. Image Source: http://watergrabbing.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/lagos-state-water.jpg