AN ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF SUJALA WATERSHED PROGRAMME IN KOLAR DISTRICT BY POORNIMA K N 2006 Presentation By Gourav Kumar Vani

SUJALA WATERSHED PROJECT Sujala is a community driven watershed development project initiated by Government of Karnataka and implemented by the watershed development Department with tripartite cost sharing arrangements. The WB through IDA provides major portion of funds as loan. It was implemented in 5 districts of Karnataka covering 5.11 lakh hectares of land spread over 77 sub-watersheds, 741 micro watersheds and 1270 villages benefiting nearly 4 lakh beneficiary

OBJECTIVES OF SUJALA PROJECT Improve the productive potential of selected watersheds and their associated natural resource base. Sustainable alleviation of poverty. Develop and strengthen community based institutional arrangements for sustainable natural resource management. Improved skills employment opportunities for non-farm sectors..

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The environmental economic assessment of Sujala watershed development programme . Hypothesis Watershed development programme enhances the economic return on rainfed lands, irrigated lands and livestock on the farm compared to the non-watershed. Watershed development program enhances groundwater yield, well life and economic returns per unit volume of augmented water.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 2.assessment of equity in distribution of watershed benefits on different class of farmers in upstream and downstream of watershed . Hypothesis Watershed development program has enhanced income levels among upstream farmers relative to their downstream counterparts. Watershed programme has enhanced economic benefits to different classes of farmers in watershed area. 3. Estimation of economic benefits due to synergistic roles community organizations in watershed development programmes. Hypothesis –` watershed institution has enhanced the economic benefits to farmers.

Sampling Koladevi representing upstream UTTANUR SUB WATERSHED which comprises of eight micro watersheds. Koladevi representing upstream Mudiyanur representing downstream Doddagukri selected as control village where there has been no watershed development.

METHODOLOGY Weighted averages, ratio measures, percentages and proportions were calculated. Age of irrigation- age of wells that are functioning at the time of collection of field data. If it is newly constructed then age is taken as zero. Life of irrigation- number of years a well has already has functioned and no longer functioning now. Cost of irrigation wells- cost includes cost of divining, drilling, lining at the time of construction to year 2005. Amortized cost of well- annual fixed cost component of irrigation water. Cost of irrigation- worked out by multiplying the cost per acre-inch of water with number of acre-inch of water applied.

CONTINUED ………… Annual externality cost of irrigation- estimated as the difference between the amortized cost per well and the amortized cost per working well . Gini coefficients and Lorenz curves were worked out to assess the extent of inequality in income distribution. The net returns per acre-inch of groundwater, Net returns per rupee of amortized groundwater irrigation cost ( net return to private investment ) and incremental net return from irrigation per rupee of expenditure on watershed structure ( net return to public investment ) were estimated.

RESULTS Net Returns per Farm SOURCE INSIDE THE WATERSHED AREA OUTSIDE THE WATERSHED AREA SERICULTURE 34% 33% MANGO 36% AGRICULTRE 24% 21% LIVESTOCK 8% 9% OTHERS 1% OVERALL 100%

CONTINUED ………………… PROFITABILITY OF CROPS PER ACRE CROP INSIDE THE WATERSHED (Rs) OUTSIDE THE WATERSHED (Rs) TOMATO 29756 26982 POATAO 16846 10660 MULBERY 11162 6804 MANGO 4954 3555

CONTINUED…………. Watershed farmers reaped 55% higher net returns per farm than non-watershed farmers even in the 4th year of successive drought. percentage of well failures is 25 % in the watershed areas as against 32% in non-watershed areas. The average life of irrigation wells was 20% higher in watershed areas over non-watershed areas. Net returns realized per acre of gross irrigated area were also higher in the watershed by 46%. The incremental net return per rupee of Sujala expenditure on watershed development is Rs.. 0.23 for small farms and Rs. 1.2 for large farms that have no irrigation facility. The benefit to those farmers who were in upstream than those who were in downstream.

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