Response to vestibular stimulation of sympathetic outflow to muscle in humans Jian Cui, Chiaki Mukai, Satoshi Iwase, Naoki Sawasaki, Hiroki Kitazawa,

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Response to vestibular stimulation of sympathetic outflow to muscle in humans Jian Cui, Chiaki Mukai, Satoshi Iwase, Naoki Sawasaki, Hiroki Kitazawa, Tadaaki Mano, Yoshiki Sugiyama, Yoshiro Wada Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System Volume 66, Issue 3, Pages 154-162 (October 1997) DOI: 10.1016/S0165-1838(97)00077-5

Fig. 1 The protocol of the experiment. Protocol A was used in the first (bilateral MSNA recording) and the second (unilateral MSNA recording) sets of experiments. Caloric vestibular stimulation was applied with an alternating injection of 50 ml of water at 10°C (cold irrigation) and 50 ml of water at 44°C (hot irrigation) into the left (L) or right (R) external meatus through an injection syringe. The intervals between the irrigations were 7 min. In the third set of experiments of the study (unilateral MSNA recording), cold pressor test was performed by immersing the subject's left hand (LH) or right hand (RH) in cold water at 4°C before the caloric irrigation as shown in protocol B. Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System 1997 66, 154-162DOI: (10.1016/S0165-1838(97)00077-5)

Fig. 2 Representative tracings obtained in one subject during and following cold water irrigation of the external meatus. The traces show the direct current electrooculogram (EOG), integrated muscle sympathetic nerve activity (IMSNA), instantaneous heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP). Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System 1997 66, 154-162DOI: (10.1016/S0165-1838(97)00077-5)

Fig. 3 The response of slow phase velocity (SPV) of nystagmus, integrated muscle sympathetic nerve activity (IMSNA), instantaneous heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) obtained in one subject after cold and hot water irrigation. Nystagmus (+) and (−) denote that nystagmus was and was not elicited respectively. SPV: slow phase velocity of the nystagmus. HR: instantaneous transient heart rate. BP: blood pressure measured by Finapres. SP: systolic blood pressure. DP: diastolic blood pressure. Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System 1997 66, 154-162DOI: (10.1016/S0165-1838(97)00077-5)

Fig. 4 Relation between the maximum slow phase velocity (SPV) of the nystagmus and the peak values of MSNA response to caloric stimulation. The values of the second peak of the MSNA elicited by cold water irrigation (with filled symbols) and the peak values elicited by hot water irrigation (with open symbols) when nystagmus was evoked were used. The value of MSNA for the one minute before the stimulation was used as the control (100%). Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System 1997 66, 154-162DOI: (10.1016/S0165-1838(97)00077-5)

Fig. 5 Cross-correlogram between slow phase velocity (SPV) of the nystagmus and MSNA elicited by cold and by hot water irrigation. For cold water irrigation the correlation coefficient had a negative peak at point A and a positive peak at point B. For hot water irrigation, the correlation coefficient had a positive peak at point C. The average coefficients at points A, B and C and the time lags of point A, B and C to the 0 s are shown in Table 2. Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System 1997 66, 154-162DOI: (10.1016/S0165-1838(97)00077-5)

Fig. 6 Relationship between the Graybiel motion sickness score and the time lag of MSNA to the slow phase velocity of the nystagmus (as diagrammed in the cross-correlogram between nystagmus slow phase velocity and MSNA). Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System 1997 66, 154-162DOI: (10.1016/S0165-1838(97)00077-5)

Fig. 7 The comparison of MSNA peak responses between recordings ipsilateral and contralateral to the stimulated side. There was no significant difference between the ipsilateral and contralateral recordings. Values are mean±SE. Subject number=6. Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System 1997 66, 154-162DOI: (10.1016/S0165-1838(97)00077-5)