Or What You Need to Know to Survive Latin I Grammar Basics Or What You Need to Know to Survive Latin I

PART I - PARTS OF SPEECH Noun- person, place, thing Adjective-describes a noun or pronoun Adverb-describes a verb, adverb or adjective

Parts of Speech continued Preposition- a word that shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun, often either in space or time, to another word in the sentence. The book is on the table. We will be there in the morning Conjunction-joins words or groups of words

Parts of Speech continued Action Verb- indicates an action or something you can do. The teacher prepares the lesson. He reads lots of books. They finished after we left. My family sleeps late into the morning.

Parts of Speech continued Linking Verb – joins nouns and pronouns to nouns, adjectives and prepositional phrases. Used to describe what something IS. The books are interesting. We are late. The movie is in the first theater on the right

Parts of Speech continued Helping Verb-appears in a verb phrase in front of the main verb to help express the verb. We have finished the assignment She is walking too fast Latin does not use helping verbs

NOUNS AND HOW THEY FUNCTION Subject does the action of the verb The soldiers fought bravely. We will wait until 11:00 or is described The soldiers are tired We will be late

NOUNS AND HOW THEY FUNCTION Possessive shows who or what owns something. Uses an apostrophe or the word of. John’s sister/ the sister of John.

NOUNS AND HOW THEY FUNCTION Indirect Object shows “to” or “for” whom or what something is done. We gave the soldier help We gave help to the soldier. This function can cause confusion when comparing Latin to English.

NOUNS AND HOW THEY FUNCTION Direct Object The direct object is whatever is verbed or it receives the action of the verb. To figure out the direct object find the verb first and then ask yourself what is being verbed  The sailors prepared the ship for sailing. The verb is prepared. Ask yourself “what is being prepared” the answer is the direct object

NOUNS AND HOW THEY FUNCTION Object of a preposition appears with little words like in, on, over, under to show the relationship or position of a noun or pronoun to another noun or pronoun.   The students always listened carefully in class.

QUESTIONS TO ASK SUBJECT Ask who or what is doing X, or ask who or what is being described . POSSESSIVE Look for ‘s/s’ or the word “of” INDIRECT OBJECT Ask “to” or “for” whom the verb is done.

QUESTIONS TO ASK DIRECT OBJECT-Ask who or what is verbed PREPOSTIONAL PHRASE-Look for prepositions or words which show positions or relationships between words especially in terms of location or time

Or what you can be with a cloud over on near beside under in