You have 9 minutes and 32 seconds to complete this. Go! Warm Up Recreate “Guided Reading Activity 2-4” (it is in your document folder. You will need to read pages 54-55 to complete it.) You have 9 minutes and 32 seconds to complete this. Go! By the way, you will need to know the different arguments for representation for your test (i.e. Virginia Plan, New Jersey Plan, Connecticut Compromise, and 3/5 Compromise).

Outline and Amending the Constitution

Constitution The US Constitution is the highest law of the land All state Constitutions must not conflict with the US Constitution

Structure of Constitution 7 articles 1st 3 deal w/ separation of powers (Legislative, Executive, Judicial) The rest outline the powers of each and how to make changes or “amend” the Constitution.

Articles of the Constitution Article I- Legislative branch (Congress: They make laws) Article II- Executive branch (President: He/She executes Constitution and laws) Article III- Judicial branch (Federal Courts: They determine whether acts or laws are in keeping with the Constitution)

Articles of the Constitution Article IV- Relations among the States “Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may by general Laws prescribe the Manner in which such Acts, Records and Proceedings shall be proved, and the Effect thereof.”

Articles of the Constitution Article V- Amending the Constitution Article VI- National debt, supremacy of national law, oaths of office Article VII- Ratifying the Constitution

Formal Amendment 2/3 Congress proposes OR Step One: Methods of Proposal: 2/3 Congress proposes OR 2/3 of state legislatures call for national convention to propose amendments

**Method 1 is most common** Ratify Amendments Step Two Methods of Ratification: 3/4 State Legislatures ratify OR 3/4 State Conventions ratify **Method 1 is most common**

Bill of Rights 1st 10 amendments added to the Const in order to ensure ratification of the Const Include civil liberties: basic rights and freedoms, such as speech

Amendments 1. Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, petition 2. Right keep, bear arms 3. Lodging troops in private homes 4. Search, seizures, proper warrants 5. Criminal proceedings, Due process, Eminent Domain 6. Criminal proceedings

Con’t Amendments Jury trials in civil cases bail; cruel, unusual punishment unenumerated rights powers reserved to the States 27 Amendments total

Can Constitution be changed? Yes! 27 changes “Amendments” First 10 added immediately in 1790’s Last changed 27th amendment 1992 (congressional salaries)

Failed Amendments ERA – Equal Rights Amendment 1923: Women should be equal to men Nearly passed in the 1970s w/35 out of 38 state ratifying

The 28th Amendment? People tried to propose various Amendments to the Const. Included (but not limited to): Crime to desecrate US flag Banning same sex marriage Limit terms of a Senator or Representative Change citizenship( 14th Amendment) Legalizing certain drugs Equal Rights Amendment

Informal Changes to the Constitution Congressional Legislation: laws that clarify the meaning of the Const Executive Action: executive order, pres orders the bureaucracy to do something Japanese internment camps

Courts: interpret laws Marbury v. Madison: judicial review, not in the Const! Political Customs: Cabinet

Summary What are the methods to add a formal amendment? Write out questions and answer or write complete sentences restating the question in the answer What are the methods to add a formal amendment? What are the methods to ratify an amendment? 2. What are the Bill of Rights? 3. What was the Equal Rights Amendment? Explain Marbury v Madison. Explain Congressional legislation Explain Executive Action (order)