What values and beliefs have influenced our government and laws?

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Presentation transcript:

What values and beliefs have influenced our government and laws? Warm Up What values and beliefs have influenced our government and laws?

codification OF LAWS Period 1: to 600 BCE

Codification of laws Law/Legal Code: systematic and comprehensive written statement of laws Oldest Evidence: Tablets from city of Ebla (modern Syria) ~ 2400 BCE Best Known: Code of Hammurabi (Babylon)

Codification of Laws Why: Disagreements are bound to happen, governments made laws in response Requirements: simple, make sense, give a reason to obey (punishment) Source: “God”- made for harsher punishments

Codification of laws Code of Hammurabi Pharaoh's word is law Mesopotamia Egypt India China Code of Hammurabi Pharaoh's word is law Eightfold Path Confucius’ Golden Rule Legalism -total control by political administrators

Hammurabi’s code Who was Hammurabi? Babylonian king United all of Mesopotamia Pursued ideal of being a just ruler

Hammurabi’s code Collection of: 282 edicts Precedents set between praise of Hammurabi’s rule Covers: family law professional contracts administrative law

Hammurabi’s code Written in “if-then” form: If a man steals an ox, then he pays 30x its value Different standards of justice for 3 classes of society Property owners Freedmen Slaves

Hammurabi's CODE Punishments severe Earliest examples of “an eye for an eye”

Hammurabi's CODE Carved into stone 2 ½ foot relief of Hammurabi receiving law from God of Justice 7’ 5” columns of cuneiform script

Hammurabi’s Code Activity Study the list of laws taken from the Code of Hammurabi (make notes) Answer the questions that follow 20 minutes

Hammurabi’s CODE AND RELIGION Hammurabi used the fear of religion to enforce and justify his laws Does religion have an influence on politics today? Hammurabi was successful in not only enforcing his rules but setting the standard for countless other civilizations

Hammurabi’s code and gender relationships With so many laws in place for women, there was not way to achieve gender equality due to restrictions on marriage, money, and work. How are gender relationships influenced by laws today?

Hammurabi’s code and moral values With the code there is justification for morality. Putting strict morals in place instills fear and allows those in power to remain in power. Do our laws attempt to dictate morality?

Then and NOW How is it similar? How is it different? Semi-permanent/hard to change Protection of the weak Innocent until proven guilty Leaving sentencing up to the god(s) Severe punishments