Introduction of Chemistry Objective: You will be able to understand and explain the foundation the science of chemistry

Chemistry The science of the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter

What is matter Matter-anything that has mass and exists as a solid, liquid, or gas

All Matter exists in 3 states Solid-matter with a definite shape and volume: Compressible Liquid-matter with no definite shape but has volume: Non- Compressible Gas-matter has neither shape nor volume but has mass: Compressible

3 States of Matter All matter can be found in 1 of the 3 states (mainly dependent upon temperature) Gas and liquid TRANSITION --Evaporation (up) or Condensation (down) Liquid and solid TRANSITION --Melting (up) or Freezing (down) Solid to Gas TRANSITION-----Sublimation- process by which a material goes through a solid to gas NO Liquid phase (up) Deposition gas to solid (NO Liquid phase) REMEMBER TEMPERATURE OF MATTER DOES NOT CHANGE AS IT GOES THROUGH STATE CHANGE

Intro to Matter Properties both physical and chemicals come from the actual structure of the element’s atom or atomic design

Purest from of matter What is an “Element”? Element-PUREST FORM of MATTER Elements cannot be reduced to simpler substances by normal chemical means: each element has its own unique properties/characteristics

2 main Properties of matter Physical – Based on how it looks Chemical- Based on how it reacts with other elements

Physical Properties Properties that are observed with the senses and can be found without destroying matter

Chemical Properties Properties that show how matter reacts to other matter; end matter is different than original matter and has unique physical properties

What makes up Matter? ATOMS-Smallest division of an element that retains all the physical and chemical characteristics of the element Molecule- 2 or more atoms joined together

3 major parts of an atom Proton- “+” charge found in nucleus Neutron- “neutral” charge particle in nucleus Electron- “-” charge particle found around nucleus

Atoms were first thought of by the Greeks over 2,400 years ago Atoms were first thought of by the Greeks over 2,400 years ago. Atom name comes from Greek meaning “indivisible”