Human Physiology Unit One Objective Six

Definitions Basic Chemistry Acid – a compound that releases hydrogen (H+) ions in solution Base – a compound that releases hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution

Definitions Basic Chemistry Salt – an ionic compound that does not contain H+ or OH-, obtained from an acid/base reaction Buffer – a chemical system that resists large changes in pH by taking up or giving off H+

Acid-Base Reaction HCl + KOH KCl + H2O Cl- K+ H+ OH- Acid Base Salt Water HCl + KOH KCl + H2O Cl- K+ H+ OH-

Human Physiology Unit One Objective Seven

pH – the measurement of the H+ concentration in solution

Human Physiology Unit One Objective Eight & Nine

Organic Chemistry The four types of organic compounds Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids

Carbohydrates The general formula is CH2O The monomers are monosaccharides Functions: Provide energy Structural uses Examples: Plants - starch, cellulose, Animals - glycogen, chitin

Lipids Functional group – COOH- (carboxyl) The monomers are fatty acids and alcohols Functions: Storage energy Structural uses Regulation Protection

Lipids Examples: Fats (triglycerides) Phospholipids Steroids Waxes

Lipids The two types of fatty acids Saturated Unsaturated

Proteins Two functional groups – COOH- (carboxyl) and NH2- (amine) The monomers are amino acids Functions: Structural uses Regulation Protection Provide energy

Proteins Examples: Collagen Hormones Enzymes Antibodies

Nucleic Acids The monomers are nucleotides Functions: Heredity Nitrogen base Functions: aaaaaaaaaaa Heredity Protein synthesis Phosphate group Pentose sugar

Nucleic Acids Examples: Double stranded, double helix molecule Single stranded with three forms – tRNA, rRNA, and mRNA DNA RNA