Reflections Chapter 19 In Concert Chapters 3 & 16 Evaluating Sources Reflections Chapter 19 In Concert Chapters 3 & 16

When to Use Sources When you feel you don’t have enough to say. When you are not knowledgeable about a subject. When you have unanswered questions in your essay. When you want to make your point stronger.

Steps to Writing With Sources Start with your own ideas. Use sources to support your ideas. Focus on ideas and not just facts. Avoid listing facts and quotes.

Primary vs. Secondary Sources Primary Sources Secondary Sources Original sources of information. Letters Speeches Original research reports Autobiographies Historical documents Report or comment on primary sources. An article about a speech that was given. A review of previously published research. A biography

Use a Systematic Approach After figuring out what you need to know… Search for print and electronic sources. Evaluate sources. Scan/skim/read sources Extract information from your sources Note Taking Summarizing Paraphrasing Highlighting & Annotating Recording

X Highlighting Read first then highlight no more than 20% of the text. Highlight topic sentences and important information. IC p. 91-92 X

Annotating Annotated Page Taking notes on the page you are reading. Identifying key information, summarizing points, defining terms. Read first, use symbols, develop a system. Annotated Page

Mapping Mapping visually condenses material to show relationships. Mapping places important topics in a central location. It connects major points and supporting details in a visual display. And mapping shows degrees of importance. Next slide/IC p. 94

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Outlining Provides a visual display of the important information according to levels of importance. Outlining helps to organize notes from class lectures and ideas presented in text. My Outline I. Main Idea A. Major Supporting Detail 1. Minor Supporting Detail 2. Minor Supporting Detail IC p. 99-100

How to Summarize p. 105 Complete the reading first. Review the reading. Write an opening sentence that states the author’s thesis or main idea. Include the most important supporting details. Include restated definitions or key terms, important concepts, procedures, or principals. Present ideas in the order they occurred. Reread to determine if it contains adequate information. Ask: If someone only could read my summary would they understand the text? Indicate the source of your summary.

Summarizing & Paraphrasing Take notes about what you’ve read. Summarizing condenses information/ paraphrasing restates information in different words. Identify the main idea and major details of the text. Identify how this information will aid your writing or understanding. Incorporate into your writing, giving credit when needed. IC p. 106

Evaluating Sources Ask yourself… Who wrote this? What qualifies him/her to write this? Where did I find this? Can I find this idea elsewhere? How recent is this information? Is this a primary or secondary source? How can I incorporate this into my writing (avoid plagiarism)?

Synthesizing Sources Synthesizing is the process of using information from other sources to develop new ideas or draw conclusions. You must read several sources to synthesize ideas. Synthesizing is putting ideas together to create new ideas or thoughts. Careers in science, technology, engineering & math (STEM) are growing 3 times faster than other careers. Workers in STEM fields earn higher wages than non-STEM workers. Unemployment rates are lower for people in STEM fields. New idea: It may be beneficial to work in STEM fields. IC p. 490

Libraries Use the Library catalog to find books, media, articles, and journals in the libraries and online. Use online search engines to help find information or generate ideas. Tips for online searches Place quotation marks around the key words. “careers in health” Use AND or + to join ideas. Careers+health Use OR for synonyms. job OR career Use not or – sign to exclude unneeded words. Careers+health-jobs

Plagiarism Plagiarism is using someone else’s work without giving him/her credit. When you express another writer’s ideas you must give him/her credit for the idea within your paper. Use the MLA & APA formats to avoid plagiarism. Create a Works Cited page. IC: p. 504

Summary Questions When should you use sources? Why should you avoid listing facts and quotes? Explain the difference between primary and secondary sources. How much should you highlight? Differentiate between annotating, mapping, and outlining. What is the difference between summarizing & paraphrasing? What is synthesizing and how do you do it? Why evaluate sources? What is plagiarism and how can you avoid it?