The Camp David Accords JT Davies

Questions And Hypothesis How did the Camp David Accords and Carter’s policies build off of the policies of the Ford administration and Henry Kissinger? How were they distinct? Hypothesis: Carter used the successes of Kissenger’s method to start his peace process, but diverged from it later to suit the needs of all parties involved.

Background After World War II, the state of Israel was established to serve as a Jewish state. The location of Israel was centered around Jerusalem, in the middle of Palestine. The surrounding Arab states almost immediately declared war, resulting in what is known as the Israeli War of Independence

Israeli-Arab War of 1948 Known as “Israeli War of Independence” in Israel and “the Catastrophe” in Arab countries, this was the first of many wars in the Arab-Israeli conflict. It led to an unexpected victory for the Israeli side,

Suez Crisis Fought between Israel and Egypt over the eponymous Suez Canal, with Britain and France assisting Israel Sparked by Egypt nationalizing Suez Canal Britain, France, Israel forced to withdraw by USA, USSR, UN Resulted in Israeli occupation of Sinai until 1957

Six-Day War After a mine killed three Israeli soldiers, Israel attacked the West Bank, presently held by Jordan False reports caused Egypt to mass troops off of Sinai, leading to a surprise Israeli air strike In six days, Israel seized large amounts of land Israel established as a regional military superpower Resulted in Israeli control of Gaza and Sinai

October War Also known as the Yom Kippur War and the Ramadan War Egypt and Israel fighting over Sinai Kilometer 101 talks: First direct Egypt-Israel conference Egypt and Israel working with Kissinger for agreement

Ending the October War Negotiated by Henry Kissinger Signed in a tent at UN checkpoint Kilometer 101 Sinai I: Israel withdrew forces, established 6m security zones Agreement on Disengagement: Syria and Israel settle positions on Golan Heights Sinai II: Israel moved further back along Sinai, increasing size of UN buffer Both sides agreed to observe the ceasefire

Camp David Negotiations After assuming office, US President Jimmy Carter contacted heads of state in the Middle East to resume the peace process After ten days of direct negotiations,

Comparison Kissinger’s Sinai treaties were created to end a war, while the Camp David Accords were created to prevent a future one. The first were created through “shuttle diplomacy”, which involved Kissinger contacting the parties separately and relaying information. The Camp David Accords required more input from both sides, necessitating the meeting at Camp David. All in all, the two methods were very different due to solving different problems, contrary to my original hypothesis.

Sources "MIDDLE EAST: Sandstorm at Kilometer 101". TIME Magazine. 08/19/2010 <http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,908222,00.html>. "Israel War Of Independence - Mil'helmet Hashi'hrur". Zionism and Israel - Encyclopedic Dictionary. 08/18/2010 <http://www.zionism-israel.com/dic/War_of_Independence.htm>. "Agreements ending the Yom Kippur War". Palestine Facts. 08/19/2010 <http://www.palestinefacts.org/pf_1967to1991_ykwar_agreements.php>. "Camp David Accords". Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 08/20/2010 <http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Peace%20Process/Guide%20to%20the%20Peace%20Process/Camp%20David%20Accords>. Stiles, Kendall W.. Case Histories in International Politics (5th Edition). New York: Pearson Education, Inc., 2008.