The Holocaust Ms. Ha Ch. 16 Sec. 3

I. Holocaust A. Systematic murder of 11 million people 1.Estimate 6-7 million Jews 2.Estimate 4+ million other

3. Methods: a. Mass slaughter (shooting) b. Starvation c. Poison Gas (1942)

b. Scapegoats for German economic problems c. Hitler didn’t like the 4. Anti-Semitism a. Hatred of Jews b. Scapegoats for German economic problems c. Hitler didn’t like the “look” of them

II. Kristallnacht: Nov. 9-10, 1938 A. “Night of Broken Glass” 1. Nazis attacked Jewish homes, businesses & synagogues across Germany

2. About 100 killed, & injuries 3. 30,000 arrested 4. Nazis blamed the Jews

B. Nazis were pushing for the Jews to leave Germany. 1. The Jews couldn’t leave fast enough 2. Countries limited numbers

III. Hitler’s “Final Solution” A. Goal: rid Europe of Jews 1. Policy of genocide a. Deliberate and systematic killing of entire population

B. Hitler felt Aryans were “master race” 1. Must be preserved 2. Kill “inferiors”

C. “Inferiors” 1. Political threats 2. Elderly/Crippled/Sick 3. Homosexuals 4. Gypsies 5. Jehovah’s Witnesses

D. Started exterminations in Poland 1. Nazi SS a. “Security squadrons” b. Death squads c. Shot on spot d. Included kids/infants

E. Forced Relocation 1. Ghettos: segregated Jewish areas in Polish cities 2. Sealed off: barbed wire 3. Factories: forced into labor 4. Rebelled: secret newspapers & schooling

IV. Concentration Camps A. Labor camps 1. Families separated 2. Rare: to see again

B. Life in these camps: 1. Hunger 2. Humiliation 3. Work 4. Horror 5. Death

C. Stripped of: 1. Wedding bands 2. Gold fillings 3. Shaved hair 4. Hitler: break their spirit

Warehouse of personal items 5. Tons(7): shaved hair from victims 6. Used to make cloth

D. Living quarters 1. Wooden barracks a) Rats & Fleas b) Starved 2. Work dawn to dusk 3. Worked seven days a week 4. Killed when too ill to work

LIVING QUARTERS

V. THE FINAL STAGE A. Mass exterminations 1. Hitler felt methods were slow 2. 1942: added poison gas 3. Death camps (6) built in Poland a. 12,000 killed per day

B. Auschwitz 1. Largest of the death camps

2. SS doctors decided who lived & died 3. Mothers sometimes were told to pick which of their children survived/died.

Doctors Choosing: Life or Death

4. Unloaded from trains, doctors said go left or right after inspection. 5. One side: went to gas chambers 6. Other side: death postponed

Selected for Gas Chamber

Inside Gas Chamber

Death Trench

Crematoriums: hide evidence

7. Other forms used: a. Shot/hanged/lethal injection b. Worst: doctor experimentation 1) Children 2) Men 3) Women c) Deadly germ experiments

VI. Survivors A. Some were considered “lucky” 1. Forever changed 2. Strong spirit 3. Pick up pieces 4. Live with the emotional scars

Auschwitz Survivors

Auschwitz Victims Anna Klein: Age 6 Jon Klein: Age 3

"I don't think of all the misery, but of all the beauty that still remains."  - Anne Frank

Anne Frank… Another victim of the Holocaust.