Carmine Casciato MUMT 611 Thursday, March 13, 2005 Rhythmic Similarity Carmine Casciato MUMT 611 Thursday, March 13, 2005
Overview Music Tech research into rhythmic similarity Representations Problem of segmentation
Usage
Usage Computer accompaniment systems Ethno-musicological research Database management Queries by humming Genre classification Speech processing
Paulus and Klapuri (2002) Detects rhythmic similarity between musical samples containing arbitrary drum/percussive sounds Removes sinusoidal components from sound to detect noisy percussive sounds, from this produces beat and measure estimations Extracts loudness and brightness (mean square energy and spectral centroid, respectively) per measure Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) finds optimal path between feature vectors No training of system required
Foote, Cooper, and Nam (2002) Derivation of ‘beat spectrum’ Feature used is power of FFT bins embedded into similarity matrix Euclidean distance is used as similarity metric, tested against cosine angles between feature vectors, and FFT co-efficients
Ellis and Arroyo (2004) Principal Component Analysis, a dimension reduction tool Requires robust segmentation Poor classification results
EigenRhythms (Ellis and Arroyo 2004) Useful for generating variations?
Toussaint (2002) Geometric representations of rhythms Require extensive segmentation Tests various distance metrics Minimum Spanning Trees offer a framework for rhythmic development analysis
Toussaint Representations (2002)
Music Technology References Ellis, D., and J. Arroyo. 2004. Eigenrhythms: Drum pattern basis sets for classification and generation. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Music Information Retrieval. Foote, J., M. Cooper, and U. Nam. 2002. Audio retrieval by rhythmic similarity. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Music Information Retrieval. Paulus, J., and A. Klapuri. 2002. Measuring the similarity of rhythmic patterns. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Music Information Retrieval. Toussaint, G. 2002. A mathematical analysis of African, Brazilian, and Cuban clave rhythms. In Proceedings of BRIDGES: Mathematical Connections in Art, Music, and Science.
Other Disciplines Gabrielsson, A. 1973. Similarity ratings and dimension analyses of auditory rhythm patterns. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 14: 13860. Lerdahl F., and R. Jackendoff. 1983. A generative theory of tonal music. Cambridge: The MIT Press. Powel, D., and P. Essens. 1985. Perception of temporal patterns. Music Perception 2(4): 41140.