Chapter 23 Fatty Acid Catabolism
(Oxidation of Fatty Acids): Page 697 Fatty Acid Catabolism (Oxidation of Fatty Acids): 1.Saturated fatty acids 2.Unsaturated fatty acids 3.Ketogenesis 酮體生成
Overview of Fatty Acid Metabolism
Triacylglycerols Are a Major Form of Stored Energy in Animals Page 698 *triacylglycerol lipase (also called hormone-sensitive lipase)
Degradation of Dietary Fatty Acids Occurs Primarily In the Duodenum Page 699
Small Intestine Page 700 十二指腸 空腸 迴腸
Page 700
Fatty Acids Are Activated before They Are Degraded Page 702 *synthase
CoA Activates FAs for Oxidation and Carnitine as a Carries for Long-Chain FAs Page 703 (carnitine acyltransferase II)
Page 703 acylcarnitine
b oxidation Page 701
(Oxidation of Fatty Acids): Page 704 Fatty Acid Catabolism (Oxidation of Fatty Acids): 1.Saturated fatty acids 2.Unsaturated fatty acids 3.Ketogenesis
Saturated Fatty Acids Page 704 *Even-Carbon (thiolase I)
Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Page 705 VLCAD: very long acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
Page 704
Page 704
Fatty Acid Oxidation Is an Important Source of Metabolic Water for Some Animals Page 709 1 acetyl -CoA: 1FADH2+3NADH+1ATP=1x1.5+3x2.5+1=10
Page 565
Odd-Carbon Fatty Acids Page 711
Page 713 Succinyl-CoA malic enzyme
(Oxidation of Fatty Acids): Fatty Acid Catabolism (Oxidation of Fatty Acids): 1.Saturated fatty acids 2.Unsaturated fatty acids 3.Ketogenesis
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids Page 714
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Page 715
Other Ways to Oxidize Fatty Acids Page 714 & 716 Other Ways to Oxidize Fatty Acids Peroxisomal -oxidation Branched-chain -oxidation -oxidation
Page 714 Peroxisomal b-Oxidation ‧Peroxisomes that carry out flavin-dependent oxidations, regenerating oxidized flavins by reaction with O2 to produce H2O2 Similar to mitochondrial -oxidation, but initial double bond formation is by acyl-CoA oxidase Electrons go to O2 rather than e- transport Fewer ATPs result
Page 714
Page 714 Branched-chain -oxidation Branched chain FAs with branches at odd-number carbons are not good substrates for -oxidation -oxidation is an alternative Phytanic acid -oxidase decarboxylates with oxidation at the alpha position -oxidation occurs past the branch
Page 716
Page 717 -oxidation
(Oxidation of Fatty Acids): Fatty Acid Catabolism (Oxidation of Fatty Acids): 1.Saturated fatty acids 2.Unsaturated fatty acids 3.Ketogenesis
Overview of Fatty Acid Metabolism
Ketone Bodies Page 718 (thiolase II)
Page 717 Ketonemia
Ketone Bodies & Diabetes Page 664
Page 565 Ketone Bodies & Diabetes
Large Amounts of Ketone Bodies Are Produced in Diabetes Mellitus Page 717 Type I diabetes(IDDM; insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) Type II diabetes(NIDDM; non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) *glucose transporter *insulin resistance
Exercise Can Reverse the Consequences of Metabolic Syndrome Page 708
Can Natural Antioxidants in Certain Foods Improve Fat Metabolism? Page 713 Tea Plants
Can Natural Antioxidants in Certain Foods Improve Fat Metabolism? Page 713
Can Natural Antioxidants in Certain Foods Improve Fat Metabolism? Page 713