Southwest Asia The Middle East FSMS 7th Grade Social Studies; Unit 2 Change: U. S. Military Involvement in SWA Gulf Wars I & II + War on Terror Georgia Standard SS7H2(d)

The Middle East Historical Understandings Standard SS7H2 The student will analyze continuity and change in Southwest Asia (Middle East) leading to the 21st century. (d) Explain U.S. presence and interest in Southwest Asia; include the Persian Gulf conflict, invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq.

FIRST FIVE AGENDA Message: Deadline for re-takes and missing assignments is Tuesday. Before-school tutoring is tomorrow from 7:30a to start of Homeroom. Standard: The U.S. military presence in SWA including the Persian Gulf conflict and invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan. E.Q. Monday; 10/5/15: What is the United States interest in maintaining peace and stability in SWA? Warm Up: How is the Holocaust connected to the creation of the modern state of Israel? TODAY WE WILL: The modern history of U.S. wars in SWA. SWA History Time-Line

ANSWERS E.Q. Answer for Monday October 5, 2015: The U.S. has great interest in maintaining stability in SWA to safeguard the supply of oil and to combat terrorism. Warm-Up Answer: The world felt tremendous guilt about how the Jews were treated during the Holocaust in WWII. As a result the world wanted to do something to help ease their pain and suffering. They did this by a vote of the United Nations creating Israel in part of Palestine.

FIRST FIVE AGENDA Message: Deadline for re-takes and missing assignments is TODAY!. After-school tutoring is Wednesday from 4p to 5. CDA-1 will be next Friday Oct. 16th. Standard: The U.S. military presence in SWA including the Persian Gulf conflict and invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan. E.Q. Tuesday; 10/6/15: What started the Persian Gulf War? Warm Up: What are the two primary interests of the U.S. maintaining stability in SWA? TODAY WE WILL: The modern history of U.S. wars in SWA. SWA History Time-Line Quiz

ANSWERS E.Q. Answer for Tuesday October 6, 2015: Iraqi forces invaded the neighboring country of Kuwait to control Kuwait’s many oil fields and have more access to the Persian Gulf. Warm-Up Answer: The U.S. has great interest in maintaining stability in SWA in order to Safeguard the supply of oil, and Combat terrorism.

The Middle East Historical Understandings U.S. Presence and Interest The United States has had significant political and economic interests in Southwest Asia for over 200 years. Vast supplies of oil are found in this area, oil that is critical to United States energy and economic needs. Since the end of World War I, the United States has played an important role in diplomacy following the break-up of the Ottoman Empire.

The Middle East Historical Understandings U.S Presence and Interest The U.S. support for the creation of the state of Israel in 1948 also focused attention on this part of the world.

The Middle East Historical Understandings U.S Presence and Interest 1991 Iraq War In August 1990 Iraq invaded Kuwait in an effort to control Kuwait’s large oil reserves. The leader of Iraq, Saddam Hussein, claimed that Kuwait was taking more than they were allowed from shared oil fields. He also claimed that when the Ottoman Empire was broken-up at the end of World War I, the area that became Kuwait should have been part of Iraq.

The Middle East Historical Understandings U.S Presence and Interest cont. 1991 Iraq War cont. The creation of the country of Iraq in 1920 meant that Iraq no longer had any coastline on the Persian Gulf. The United States was concerned about the invasion of Kuwait because the United States gets a large percentage of its imported oil from Kuwait and Saudi Arabia.

The Middle East Historical Understandings U.S Presence and Interest cont. 1991 Iraq War cont. Kuwait belonged to the United Nations, a world organization that will come to the aid of any member nation that is attacked without cause by another country. The United Nations voted to raise a military force to liberate Kuwait from the Iraqi invasion. They also voted to impose a trade embargo, preventing Iraq from exporting oil or importing goods.

The Middle East Historical Understandings Embargo: A trade barrier that stops trade altogether between countries. Exporting: When countries sell goods to other countries. Importing: When countries buy goods from other countries.

The Middle East Historical Understandings U.S Presence and Interest cont. 1991 Iraq War cont. Because of the threat to the oil supply, the United States sent a large number of troops to be part of a coalition of the United Nations military force to drive Iraq out of Kuwaiti territory. (coalition: is a partnership of countries formed to achieve a temporary goal of mutual benefit) This coalition effort was known as the Persian Gulf War, or Operation Desert Storm.

The Middle East Historical Understandings U.S Presence and Interest cont. 1991 Iraq War cont. Thirty-nine countries joined in and within three months, by February 1991, the Iraqi government accepted a truce and agreed to withdraw from Kuwait.