Plantae Grant and Kendall

Nonvascular plants Plants that lack a vascular tissue Xylem Phloem

Liverworts Phyla- Marchantiophyta Simplest of plants

Hornworts Phyla- Anthocerophyta Small         

Life cycle Haploid Spore Stage The life cycle of the Hornwort begins as a haploid spore. A single cell within this spore, along with an attached growth called a germ tube, germinates.

Continued Initial Growth As it grows, cells in the tip of the germ tube continue to multiply, sending out root-like structures that let the plant to attach to the substrate it is growing on The germ tube also forms a bud-like growth called a thalloid protenema. The protenema eventually develops into an adult gametophyte which will continue to grow over the life of the plant

End of cycle Sexual Reproduction Sporophyte Stage the sperm and egg combine to form a zygote. Sporophyte Stage The zygote will then form a sporophyte At the bottom of the sporophyte is the foot, which receives nutrients The middle of the sporophyte acts as a stem. Spore Release At the tip of the sporophyte is the capsule in the capsule new spores are produced. Eventually, the capsule will brake open to release the spores, continuing the life cycle Almost the same thing happens in both liverworts and mosses too.

Moses Bryophyta Small

Vascular plants Also known as tracheophytes or higher plants They have lignified tissues Get much larger then nonvascular plants

Whisk ferns Phyla- Psilotophyta Seedless

Life cycle Whisk fern There are two phases in the life cycle The large asexual plants produce spores that develop into very small colorless plants then sexual plants, have Eggs and sperm produce in special structures on their surfaces these gametes initiate the second sporophyte phase Most of the plants reproduce this way

Horsetails Phyla- Sphenophyta Seedless

Club mosses Phyla- Lycophyta / Lycopodiophyta Club shaped Seedless

Ferns Phyla- Pterophyta Seedless

Conifers Phyla- Coniferophyta Example Pine trees Spruces

Cycads Phyla- Cycadophyta Examples Sago palm

Quiz What do lignified tissues due? How many species of Marchantiophyta are there? Mosses have _______ vascular tissue? Do plants reproduce asexually or sexually? How many stages are in the hornwort life cycle? What is one vascular tissue that nonvascular plants lack