Christopher R. Bennett Darejan Kapanadze The World Bank Environmental Management Requirements of Road Projects Christopher R. Bennett Darejan Kapanadze The World Bank
Contractual Requirements
Environment in Specifications
What environmental problems do we find on road projects?
Improper Dumping
No toe wall. Erosion, soil contamination evident. Landfill No toe wall. Erosion, soil contamination evident.
Landslide ready to go
Side Casting Damage
Road Side Dumps Dumping into ravine Destruction of the fragile vegetation on slope Discarded waste material mars a scenic landscape
Waste material dumped indiscriminately Road Side Dumps Waste material dumped indiscriminately
Road Side Dumps
Looks can be deceiving ….. Well completed road with parapet wall But .. behind the wall Excess waste material pushed into ravine
Unauthorized Dump Sites
Waste material being dumped and side casted from the ridge September 14, 2009
Waste material being dumped on the ridge September 16, 2009 – Note increase in the waste dump height and width and impact on vegetation.
Waste Dump Site View from the top
View from top of the dump site No toe wall to contain the material from sliding
Damage to Water Courses
River Dumping Note concrete waste dumped on the bank. River water abstracted through pumped wells to supply drinking water to nearby towns.
Compromised Watercourses Steam affected by side dumping Stream dried by construction activities
No Protection of Natural Water Courses Natural Stream channelized
Damage to Vegetation
Dumping Impact on Shrubs and Fragile Cover
Improper Dumping and Digging
Waste material dumped and spread burying fragile ground cover Improper Dumping Waste material dumped and spread burying fragile ground cover
Improper Cut Slope Stabilization
Cut Slope Erosion
Cut Slope Failure
Improper Dumping Early sign of embankment failure Waste material piled on top of an embankment
Failure to Stabilize Slope
Poor Work Camp and Site Storage Management
Contractor’s Camp - Waste Management
Contractor’s Camp – Sanitary facilities
Improper Fuel Storage
Poor Work Practices
Waste Material Handling & Disposal Asbestos material dumped in a local landfill Uncovered waste material trucked to a landfill
Borrow Area – Uncovered truck
River Bed Gravel Mining
Poor Supervision …. and soil erosion
Restoration Not Done Properly, Difficult Or Impossible
Improper Reclamation Slope needs stabilizing
Excessive Height and Poor Stability
Borrow Areas Not Operated Considering Restoration
Causes
Main Causes Contractors do not Supervision consultants do not Follow the EMP’s requirements Adopt work methods to minimize environmental impact Try to save money Do not view environmental management as important Supervision consultants do not View environmental management as important as civil works Enforce the contract’s requirements (including EMP) The client does not Adequately monitor environmental impact and EMP compliance