Bell Ringer Complete and balance each of the following synthesis reactions by writing chemical equations. a. Na + O2→ ______ b. Mg + F2 → ______ a. 4Na + O2→ ______ b. Mg + F2 → ______ 2Na2O MgF2

Activity Series of the Elements T8 Chemical Equations Activity Series of the Elements

Activity Series of the Elements The activity of an element describes its ability to react under specific conditions. An activity series is a list of elements organized according to the ease with which elements undergo certain chemical reactions.

Activity Series of the Elements For metals, greater activity means a greater ease of loss of electrons, to form positive ions. For nonmetals, greater activity means a greater ease of gain of electrons, to form negative ions.

Activity Series of the Elements The order in which the elements are listed is usually determined by single-displacement reactions. The most-active element (placed at the top), can replace each of the elements below it from a compound in a single-displacement reaction. An element farther down can replace any element below it but not any above it.

Activity Series of the Elements The fact that a chemical equation can be written does not necessarily mean that the reaction it represents will actually take place. Activity series are used to predict whether certain chemical reactions will occur.

Activity Series of Metals Most reactive: Li Rb React with cold water and acids, K replacing hydrogen. Ba React with oxygen forming oxides Sr Ca Na Li can replace Rb, K in a single-displacement reaction. Ca can replace Na but not any above it, Ex: Sr, Ba, etc.

Activity Series of Metals 2nd most reactive set: Mg Al React with steam (but not cold Mn water) and acids, replacing Zn hydrogen. React with oxygen, Cr forming oxides. Fe Cd

Activity Series of Metals 3rd most reactive set: Co Do not react with water. Ni React with acids, replacing hydrogen. Sn React with oxygen, forming oxides. Pb

Activity Series of Metals 4th most reactive set: H2 Sb React with oxygen, forming oxides. Bi Cu Hg

Activity Series of Metals Least reactive set: Ag Fairly unreactive, forming oxides only Pt indirectly. Au

Activity of Halogen Non-metals The following halogens will replace any other halogen below it in a single replacement reaction. F2 Cl2 Br2 I2

Practice Problem Using the activity series, explain whether each of the possible reactions listed below will occur. For those reactions that will occur, predict what the products will be. a. Zn(s) + H2O(l) → _____ b. Sn(s) + O2(g) → _____ c. Cd(s) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) → _____ d. Cu(s) + HCl(aq) → ____ No reaction, Zn reacts with steam Yes, SnO2 or SnO Cadmium is above lead Yes, Cd(NO3)2 No reaction Any metal more active than silver will react with oxygen to form an oxide. Tin is above silver in the activity series Copper is not above hydrogen in the series