Relative Clauses a relative clause further defines or specify’s an object or set of objects mentioned in a higher clause. The dog chased the cat, that sat on the mat, outside the house, that Jack built. Main clause Rel. clause 1. Rel. clause 2. Rel. clause 3. Rel. clause 1. Further defines the cat, Rel clause 2. Further defines the mat, Rel. clause 3. Further defines the house

head of the relativisation, refers to the object or class of objects that the relative clause further defines. The dog chased the cat, that sat on the mat, outside the house, that Jack built. The head of the relativisation of relative clause 1. Is the cat. The head of the relativisation of relative clause 2. Is the mat The head of the relativisation of relative clause 3. Is the house

In English the relative clause will often begin with who/whom, which and that. The government prefers schemes which will win votes Where is the man to whom we sent the letter

Steps in determining the relativisation transformation i) determine the underlying sentences ii) juxtapose sentence 1 and 2 iii) equi-np delete E karanga atu ana te kuia ki te ope e tatari mai rā. E karanga atu ana te kuia ki te ope. E tatari mai ana te ope. When the equi-np deletion is the subject of it’s clause and the verb is in the continuous tense, ana may be replaced by positional markers nei, nā or rā but both together are unacceptable - ana is incompatible with the positional markers.

He wāhi pai tēnā i haere ai mātou i te wā whakatā. He wāhi pai tēnā. When the equi-np deletion is not the subject of it’s clause, then place ‘ai’ after the verb. He wāhi pai tēnā i haere ai mātou i te wā whakatā. He wāhi pai tēnā. I haere mātou ki te wāhi pai i te wā whakatā.

anaphoric ‘ai’ in a relative clause E āhei te wahine te mahi i tāna ake e hiahia ai vp āhei te wahine vp mahi te wahine i te mahi vp hiahia ake te wahine i te mahi Equi-np delete ‘te wahine’ in 2 & 3 Exchange vp in 2 with ‘te’ as per rules for āhei Pronominalise ‘i te mahi’ in 2 & 3 to the possessive ‘tāna mahi’ which also creates a relative clause which forces the use of ‘ai’ – anaphoric.

When the verb particle in the relative clause is other than e … ana, nei, nā or rā is obligatory Kua pakaru te waka i kitea rā e tāua Kua pakaru te waka. I kitea te waka e tāua. I mōhio au ki te wahine i mate rā. I mōhio au ki te wahine. I mate te wahine.

Practise exercises Who are the people who are coming? Look at the tree standing yonder on the hill. I am listening to that child singing his song.

Who are the people who are coming? Ko wai ngā tāngata e haere ake rā? Look at the tree standing yonder on the hill. Titiro ki te rākau e tu mai rā i te puke. I am listening to that child singing his song. E whakarongo ana au ki te tamaiti rā e waiata ana i tana waiata.

Exam Section A - Grammar 10 Describe and give an example 10 marks 5 Translation English to Maori 10 marks Text with 4 questions 5 marks i) translate ii) describe 4 marks Section B - Translations Seen Translation 6 marks Unseen Translation 10 marks