13.2 – Angles and the Unit Circle

Angles and the Unit Circle For each measure, draw an angle with its vertex at the origin of the coordinate plane. Use the positive x-axis as one ray of the angle. 1. 90° 2. 45° 3. 30° 4. 150° 5. 135° 6. 120°

Angles and the Unit Circle For each measure, draw an angle with its vertex at the origin of the coordinate plane. Use the positive x-axis as one ray of the angle. 1. 90° 2. 45° 3. 30° 4. 150° 5. 135° 6. 120° Solutions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

The Unit Circle The Unit Circle Radius is always one unit Center is always at the origin Points on the unit circle relate to the periodic function Let’s pick a point on the unit circle. The positive angle always goes counter-clockwise from the x-axis. 1 30 -1 1 The x-coordinate of this has a value of the cosine of the angle. The y-coordinate has a value of the sine of the angle. -1 In order to determine the sine and cosine we need a right triangle.

The Unit Circle The angle can also be negative. If the angle is negative, it is drawn clockwise from the x axis. 1 -1 - 45 1 -1

Angles and the Unit Circle Find the measure of the angle. The angle measures 60° more than a right angle of 90°. Since 90 + 60 = 150, the measure of the angle is 150°.

Angles and the Unit Circle Sketch each angle in standard position. a. 48° b. 310° c. –170°

Let’s Try Some Draw each angle of the unit circle. 45o -280 o -560 o

The Unit Circle Definition: A circle centered at the origin with a radius of exactly one unit. (0, 1) |-------1-------| (-1,0) (0 , 0) (1,0) (0, -1) 9

What are the angle measurements of each of the four angles we just found? π/2 90° 0° 2π 180° 360° π 270° 3π/2 10

The Unit Circle Let’s look at an example The x-coordinate of this has a value of the cosine of the angle. The y-coordinate has a value of the sine of the angle. 1 In order to determine the sine and cosine we need a right triangle. 30 -1 1 -1

The Unit Circle 1 Create a right triangle, using the following rules: The radius of the circle is the hypotenuse. One leg of the triangle MUST be on the x axis. The second leg is parallel to the y axis. 30 -1 1 Remember the ratios of a 30-60-90 triangle- 2 60 -1 1 30  

The Unit Circle 2 60 1 1 30   P X- coordinate 30   -1 1 Y- coordinate   -1  

Angles and the Unit Circle Find the cosine and sine of 135°. From the figure, the x-coordinate of point A  is – , so cos 135° = – , or about –0.71. 2 Use a 45°-45°-90° triangle to find sin 135°. opposite leg = adjacent leg 0.71   Simplify. =    Substitute. 2 The coordinates of the point at which the terminal side of a 135° angle intersects are about (–0.71, 0.71), so cos 13 –0.71 and sin 135° 0.71.

Angles and the Unit Circle Find the exact values of cos (–150°) and sin (–150°). Step 1:  Sketch an angle of –150° in standard position. Sketch a unit circle. x-coordinate = cos (–150°) y-coordinate = sin (–150°) Step 2:  Sketch a right triangle. Place the hypotenuse on the terminal side of the angle. Place one leg on the x-axis. (The other leg will be parallel to the y-axis.)

Angles and the Unit Circle (continued) The triangle contains angles of 30°, 60°, and 90°. Step 3: Find the length of each side of the triangle. hypotenuse = 1 The hypotenuse is a radius of the unit circle. shorter leg = The shorter leg is half the hypotenuse. 1 2 1 2 3 longer leg = 3 = The longer leg is 3 times the shorter leg. 3 2 1 Since the point lies in Quadrant III, both coordinates are negative. The longer leg lies along the x-axis, so cos (–150°) = – , and sin (–150°) = – .

Let’s Try Some Draw each Unit Circle. Then find the cosine and sine of each angle. 45o 120o

45° Reference Angles - Coordinates Remember that the unit circle is overlayed on a coordinate plane (that’s how we got the original coordinates for the 90°, 180°, etc.) Use the side lengths we labeled on the QI triangle to determine coordinates. ( , ) 3π/4 ( , ) 135° 45° π/4 7π/4 5π/4 225° 315° ( , ) ( , ) 18

30-60-90 Green Triangle Holding the triangle with the single fold down and double fold to the left, label each side on the triangle. Unfold the triangle (so it looks like a butterfly) and glue it to the white circle with the triangle you just labeled in quadrant I, on top of the blue butterfly. 19

60° Reference Angles - Coordinates Use the side lengths we labeled on the QI triangle to determine coordinates. 2π/3 π/3 60° 120° ( , ) ( , ) 5π/3 4π/3 ( , ) ( , ) 240° 300° 20

30-60-90 Yellow Triangle Holding the triangle with the single fold down and double fold to the left, label each side on the triangle. Unfold the triangle (so it looks like a butterfly) and glue it to the white circle with the triangle you just labeled in quadrant I, on top of the green butterfly. 21

30° Reference Angles We know that the quadrant one angle formed by the triangle is 30°. That means each other triangle is showing a reference angle of 30°. What about in radians? Label the remaining three angles. π/6 150° 30° 5π/6 11π/6 330° 210° 7π/6 22

30° Reference Angles - Coordinates Use the side lengths we labeled on the QI triangle to determine coordinates. ( , ) ( , ) 150° 30° π/6 5π/6 7π/6 11π/6 330° 210° ( , ) ( , ) 23

Final Product 24

The Unit Circle 25