Remote Sensing

Sun-synchronous orbits Geostationary orbits Remote Sensing Sun-synchronous orbits Geostationary orbits LANDSAT SPOT IRS ASTER ERS JERS Weather and communications satellites commonly have these types of orbits. METEOSAT GOES Telecom Sat.

Remote Sensing

Remote Sensing

Remote Sensing Landsat Landsat 1: originally named ERTS-1 (Earth Resources Technology Satellite 1), launched 1972, terminated 1978 Landsat 2: launched 1975, terminated 1981 Landsat 3: launched 1978, terminated 1983 Landsat 4: launched 1982, terminated 1993 Landsat 5: launched 1984, still functioning but severe problems since November 2011. Will be terminated Landsat 6: launched 1993, failed to reach orbit Landsat 7: launched 1999, still functioning, but with faulty scan line corrector Landsat 8: Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) launched February 11, 2013. Turned over to USGS and renamed Landsat 8

Remote Sensing Landsat

Landsat 1 to 5 - TM Remote Sensing Spectral Band Wavelength Resolution Band 1 - Blue 0.45 - 0.52 µm 30 m Band 2 - Green 0.52 - 0.60 µm Band 3 - Red 0.63 - 0.69 µm Band 4 - Near Infrared 0.76 - 0.90 µm Band 5 - Short Wavelength Infrared 1.55 - 1.75 µm Band 6 - Long Wavelength Infrared 10.40 – 12.50 µm 60 m Band 7 - Short Wavelength Infrared 2.08 – 2.35 µm

Landsat 7 - ETM Remote Sensing Spectral Band Wavelength Resolution Band 1 - Blue 0.45 - 0.52 µm 30 m Band 2 - Green 0.52 - 0.60 µm Band 3 - Red 0.63 - 0.69 µm Band 4 - Near Infrared 0.77 - 0.90 µm Band 5 - Short Wavelength Infrared 1.55 - 1.75 µm Band 6 - Long Wavelength Infrared 10.40 – 12.50 µm 60 m Band 7 - Short Wavelength Infrared 2.08 – 2.35 µm Band 8 - Panchromatic 0.52 - 0.90 µm 15 m

Landsat 8 - OLI & TIRS Remote Sensing Spectral Band Wavelength Resolution Band 1 - Coastal / Aerosol 0.43 - 0.45 µm 30 m Band 2 - Blue 0.45 - 0.51 µm Band 3 - Green 0.53 - 0.59 µm Band 4 - Red 0.64 - 0.67 µm Band 5 - Near Infrared 0.85 - 0.88 µm Band 6 - Short Wavelength Infrared 1.57 - 1.65 µm Band 7 - Short Wavelength Infrared 2.11 - 2.29 µm Band 8 - Panchromatic 0.50 - 0.68 µm 15 m Band 9 - Cirrus 1.36 - 1.38 µm Band 10 - Long Wavelength Infrared 10.60 - 11.19 µm 100 m Band 11 - Long Wavelength Infrared 11.50 - 12.51 µm

Remote Sensing

SPOT Remote Sensing SPOT 1: launched 1986, terminated 1990 SPOT 3: launched 1993, stopped functioning 1997 SPOT 4: launched 1998, stopped functioning 2013 SPOT 5: launched 2002 SPOT 6: launched 2012

Remote Sensing SPOT

SPOT Remote Sensing Price: ~ 2700 € / scene Spectral Band SPOT 5 Panchromatic 5 m 0.48 - 0.71 µm 1.5 m 0.45-0.75 µm Blue   6 m 0.40-0.52 µm Green 10 m 0.50 - 0.59 µm 0.53-0.59 µm Red 0.61 - 0.68 µm 0.62-0.69 µm Near Infrared 0.78 - 0.89 µm 0.76-0.89 µm Mid Infrared 20 m 1.58 - 1.75 µm Price: ~ 2700 € / scene

SPOT Remote Sensing ~1 km Spectral Band SPOT 4 & 5 VEGETATION Blue   ~1 km 0.43 - 0.47 µm Red ~1 km 0.61 - 0.68 µm Near Infrared 0.78 - 0.89 µm Mid Infrared 1.58 - 1.75 µm You can buy primary products or synthesis product (e.g. S10) Price is ~35 Euros / million of km2 S10 older than three months are now available for free

ASTER Remote Sensing Band Wavelength (µm) Resolution (m) Description   Description VNIR_Band1 0.520–0.600 15 Nadir Green VNIR_Band2 0.630–0.690 Red VNIR_Band3N 0.760–0.860 Near infrared VNIR_Band3B Backward SWIR_Band4 1.600–1.700 30 Short-wave infrared SWIR_Band5 2.145–2.185 SWIR_Band6 2.185–2.225 SWIR_Band7 2.235–2.285 SWIR_Band8 2.295–2.365 SWIR_Band9 2.360–2.430 TIR_Band10 8.125–8.475 90 Long-wave infrared TIR_Band11 8.475–8.825 TIR_Band12 8.925–9.275 TIR_Band13 10.250–10.950 TIR_Band14 10.950–11.650

ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model (GDEM) Remote Sensing ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model (GDEM)

Remote Sensing ASTER vs. Landsat ETM

High Resolution Satellites Remote Sensing High Resolution Satellites GeoEye (US) Ikonos OrbView GeoEye DigitalGlobe (US) QuickBird WorldView Astrium (EU/France) Pléiades BlackBridge (Germany) RapidEye ImageSat (Israel) EROS A & B etc. etc.

Example: GeoEye Remote Sensing Band Wavelength Resolution Panchromatic 50 cm Blue 0.45 - 0.51 μm 2 m Green 0.51 - 0.58 μm Red 0.65 - 0.69 μm Near Infrared 0.78 - 0.92 μm

USGS Global Visualization Viewer Global Land Cover Facility (GLCF) Remote Sensing USGS EarthExplorer http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov USGS Global Visualization Viewer http://glovis.usgs.gov Global Land Cover Facility (GLCF) http://glcf.umd.edu ITC's database of Satellites and Sensors http://www.itc.nl/research/products/sensordb/AllSatellites.aspx