Chapter 13: The Roaring Life of the 1920s To understand such issues as Prohibition, the changing role of women, and the influence of the Harlem Renaissance Chapter 13: The Roaring Life of the 1920s

Section 1: Changing Ways of Life

Journal What differences exist today between urban and rural lifestyles?

Rural and Urban Differences 1922-1929 – 2 million people left the farm for the city every year Big cities: New York City (5.6 million), Chicago (3 million), Philadelphia (2 million)

Rural and Urban Differences Farms Slow paced Lived close to family and friends Strict morals Cities Competition Change More reading Discussions about science and social ideas Various backgrounds Drinking, causal dating, gambling

Prohibition 18th Amendment – manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol is illegal Rural South and West, Protestants, Women’s Christian Temperance Union After WWI Americans were tired of making sacrifices Volstead Act established a Prohibition Bureau to enforce the law -> underfunded -> difficult to monitor all the roads and coastline

Speakeasies Underground/hidden saloons

Bootleggers People who smuggled alcohol into the U.S.

Organized Crime Chicago’s Al Capone was in control of 10,000 speakeasies $60 million a year 1933 – 21st Amendment repeals Prohibition

Video Clips http://www.history.com/topics/al- capone/videos#st-valentines-day-massacre The Untouchables

Journal Should America continue to promote fascination with Capone through museums, memorabilia, and tours of gangland sites?

Science and Religion Clash Fundamentalism – Protestant movement based on a literal interpretation of the Bible All stories in the Bible are true Reject theory of evolution = Charles Darwin’s theory that plant and animal species have changed over millions of years Evolution from apes vs. Bible creationism Wanted laws to prohibit the teaching of evolution

The Scopes Trial March 1925 Tennessee passes law outlawing the teaching of evolution American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) defends John T. Scopes, a young biology public school teacher who tells students humans have evolved Clarence Darrow defends Scopes William Jennings Bryan prosecutes Scopes is found guilty and law stays in effect

Now and Then 1999 – Kansas State School Board votes to eliminate the teaching of evolution Supreme Court says evolution must only be taught as scientific fact + creationism may not be taught as scientific fact (in public schools)

Assignment 1. Issue -> Legislation -> Outcome Issue = prohibition Issue = teaching evolution 2. Explain how urbanization created a new way of life that often clashed with the values of traditional rural society. 4. Describe the controversy over the role of science and religion in American education and society in the 1920s.

Section 2: The Twenties Woman

Young Women Change the Rules A rebellious, pleasure-loving atmosphere of the 1920s Many young woman began to show their desire for independence Challenge tradition Flapper = a free young woman who embraced the new fashions and current urban attitudes Shorter dresses, smoked cigarettes, talked about sex, danced Marriage = equal partnership with women taking care of the house

Young Woman Change the Rules The flapper was more of an image of rebellious young women Many young woman were still influenced by tradition and their church Causal dating after WWI became more accepted The Double Standard = a set of principles granting greater sexual freedom to men than to women Stricter standards for women

Women Shed Old Roles at Home and at Work How were women freed from some household chores?

Women Shed Old Roles at Home and at Work Big business and industry produced time saving appliances and business growth also created jobs for millions of women

Women Shed Old Roles at Home and at Work Women worked successfully during the war but were replaced by men when it ended They took “women’s professions” = teachers, nurses, librarians Big business needed typists, clerics, filing, assembly line workers Few became managers Earned less than men Men felt women should stay at home (job competition)

The Changing Family Birthrate declined Margaret Sanger opens birth control clinic (1916) Women had more time for children and reading Marriages were based more on romance Children were in school and participating in more activities More social time and peer pressure

Assignment 1. How do you think women’s lives changed most dramatically in the 1920s? Think about families and jobs. 2. Do you think that some women of this decade made real progress towards equality? Think about double standard, the flapper’s style and image, changing views of marriage