Quote, Paraphrase, Summarize - What’s the difference? ERWC - Day 2

Using the words of others One of the most important features of academic writing is the use of the words and ideas from written sources to support the writer’s own points. There are essentially three ways to incorporate words and ideas from sources: Direct Quote - using the words of the author directly. Paraphrase - putting the authors words into your own words. Summary - identifying the main idea(s) of the text.

What’s the Difference? Direct Quote: Jeremy Rifkin says, “Studies on pigs’ social behavior funded by McDonald’s at Purdue University, for example, have found that they crave affection and are easily depressed if isolated or denied playtime with each other” (15). Paraphrase: In “A Change of Heart about Animals,” Jeremy Rifkin notes that McDonald’s has funded studies on pigs that show they need affection and playtime with one another (15). Summary: In “A Change of Heart about Animals,” Jeremy Rifkin cites study after study to show that animals and humans are more alike than we think. He asserts that animals feel, reason, make and use tools, learn and use language, and mourn their dead. One study even shows that pigs need affection and playtime with one another and enjoy playing with toys.

Direct Quote Rules Jeremy Rifkin notes, “Studies on pigs’ social behavior funded by McDonald’s at Purdue University, for example, have found that they crave affection and are easily depressed if isolated or denied playtime with each other” (15). Who is being quoted and how do you know? Jeremy Rifkin. The quote tag identifies him by name. What is the quote saying? Rifkin is saying pigs have some human-like behaviors. What are the rules of a direct quote? Quotation marks at the beginning and the end of the direct quote Speaker of the quote is clearly identified, Comma after “notes,” Ending punctuation is NOT inside the quotation mark. It is outside the parenthesis.

Ways to introduce direct quotes from They Say/I Say X states, “_____.” As the prominent author X puts it, “_____.” According to X, “_____.” X writes, “_____.” In her book, ____, X suggests “_____.” In X’s view, “_____.” X argues, “_____.” X notes, “_____.” “_____, ” x says, “_____.”

Paraphrase Rules In “A Change of Heart about Animals,” Jeremy Rifkin notes that McDonald’s has funded studies on pigs that show they need affection and playtime with one another (15). What are the rules of paraphrasing? There are no quotation marks so I know that the words are not directly attributed to a particular speaker. The word “that” frequently introduces a paraphrase. Includes an active verb (e.g. “notes”) that introduces the paraphrase. A paraphrase requires attribution and in this case, a citation.

Introducing a paraphrase from They Say/I Say X acknowledges that ______. X agrees that ______. X argues that ______. X believes that that ______. X points out that ______. X claims that ______. X says that ______. X complains that _____. X suggests that ______. X observes that ______. X notes that ______.

Summary Rules In “A Change of Heart about Animals,” Jeremy Rifkin cites study after study to show that animals and humans are more alike than we think. He asserts that animals feel, reason, make and use tools, learn and use language, and mourn their dead. One study even shows that pigs need affection and playtime with one another and enjoy playing with toys. What is the summary saying? Gives an overview of the whole article, the main idea and claims before mentioning the specific claim about how animals need affection and playtime What are the rules? There are no quotation marks It is a general statement of what the whole article is about. It is in the writer’s own words. The context sets up the specific example.

the Dreaded Blind Quote Jeremy Rifkin writes about animal rights. “they crave affection and are easily depressed if isolated or denied playtime with each other” (15). Who is being quoted here? What is the context of the quote?

On your own Look at paragraphs 16 & 17 from the “Going for the Look” and Write it (or a portion of it) as a direct quote. Paraphrase the quote Summarize enough of the article to contextualize the quote Describe the differences

Resources Reading Rhetorically - “Using Attributive Tags” (Chapter 6) - pages 141-143. They Say/I Say - Part 1 Chapter 2 - “The Art of Summarizing” Chapter 3 - “The Art of Quoting”