Aim: Is my conception of history and geography correct? Historical Thinking Skills: Periodization and Point of View Do Now: From your birth to the present day, divide up your life into 3 key periods, and name each.

I Should we include the history of the universe as part of our history I Should we include the history of the universe as part of our history? Of the earth? What do you think “Big History” means?

II What is Periodization? Periodization is the attempt to categorize history into periods of time based on chronology and/or specific characteristics. Historians do not agree on any one division of history into periods of time.

David Christensen’s Periodization Foraging Agrarian Modern 250,000 BCE – 8,000 BCE 8000 BCE – 1750 CE 1750 CE - Present Periodization According to the AP Board 1 Technological and Environmental Transformations to 600 BCE 2 Organization and Reorganization of Societies 600 BCE to 600 CE 3 Regional and Transregional Interactions, 600 CE to 1450 4 Global Interactions 1450 to 1750 5 Industrialization and Global Integration 1750 to 1900 6 Accelerating Global Change and Realignments 1900 to the Present

Right: Medieval European Map III Cartography A) Cartography is the art and science of making maps. Left: Ptolemy Map 150 CE Right: Medieval European Map

Cartography Continued… B) A Mercator Projection (invented in 1569), enables a navigator to plot a straight-line course. *It distorts the size and shape of land areas. C) The Robinson Projection shows the entire world at once. *It makes plotting latitude and longitude easier, but it distorts the world as flat. D) GPS began in the 1970s. Mercator Projection Robinson Projection

IV Maps for the AP Exam

The Maps You Need to Know for the AP Exam

Big geography is geography in the context of the entire globe. V What is Big Geography? Big geography is geography in the context of the entire globe.

The Conventional Map of 7 Continents

Dividing Lines? Ural Mountains Bosporus Strait Left: www.peakware.com/encyclopedia/peaks/photo Right: Encarta Encyclopedia Bosporus Strait

EURASIA

AFRO-EURASIA AMERICAS

“Mapping Crimea” by Michael Blanding, March 2014 After… the Crimean parliament had officially voted to secede from Ukraine and join Russia, Western governments immediately condemned the move. But one influential institution broke ranks to recognize the peninsula’s new political status: National Geographic. Not two days after the vote, the magazine’s editors decided to update its maps of the area to show Crimea as a part of Russia—shading it as a disputed territory, similar to the way it handles Gaza and the West Bank. If Russia votes to annex Crimea, the magazine says, it will take away the shading to show the territory as a full-fledged part of the Russian Federation. “We map de facto, in other words we map the world as it is, not as people would like it to be”… Maps always show the world as we their creators choose to interpret it—often reflecting political motivations or desired reality as much as objective geography… India, Pakistan, and China all use different maps to define the boundaries of Kashmir. Moroccan maps include the disputed area of Western Sahara as part of the kingdom. China uses ancient maps to assert its legitimacy over Tibet. Israelis and Palestinians refer to maps created in 1919 and 1947 as the basis to claim their own boundaries…

“Mapping Crimea” Continued…

HW 1. Label each of the following regions AND label 3 countries for each: Western Europe Eastern Europe East Asia Southeast Asia Southwest Asia Central Asia South Asia North Africa West Africa East Africa Central Africa Southern Africa Oceania North America & the Caribbean South America 2. In a paragraph, summarize the main points of the article “Mapping Crimea”. In a 2nd paragraph, answer if you agree or disagree with National Geographic’s decision on how to map Crimea? 3. Define the key vocabulary words.

Key Vocabulary Afroeurasia Big Geography Big History Cartography Crimea Eurasia Mercator Projection Periodization Robinson Projection