Four States of Matter The States of Matter are the physical forms in which a substance can exist. Talk about how “freezing is often misused in our language to describe something that is very cold”

AD 60 Earliest known steam engine

What happens when you break apart a sand castle?

What is Sand Composed of?

What are Molecules Made of? Atom

SOLIDS..LIQUIDS..GASES…Plasma Matter consists of tiny particles called atoms and molecules that are too small to see without an amazingly powerful microscope. Atoms are ALWAYS in motion. The motion of the particles helps to explain the phases (states) of matter. Plasma is found in stars, lightening, and neon lights. Since is is not common on Earth, we only talk about solids, liquids, and gases. SOLIDS..LIQUIDS..GASES…Plasma

Have a DEFINITE shape Have a DEFINITE volume Moving VERY SLOWLY (Vibrating) Very CLOSE together Pass around something solid. Since it maintains its shape, it is a solid.

Analogy: Solid molecules are so close that they are like fans in a mosh pit at a concert.

(takes shape of container) Have a DEFINITE Volume Further Apart NO DEFINITE shape (takes shape of container) Have a DEFINITE Volume Further Apart Move Faster (Molecules slide past each other)

Do you think ALL liquid’s molecules slide past each other at the same rate? Spray FEBREEZE in the corner. Ask students to raise hand when they smell it. Explain how that happens. VISCOSITY- the thicker the liquid, the more “viscous”, the closer the molecules are.

Analogy: Liquid molecules are like fans “walking around” during intermission.

All can CHANGE by ADDING or REMOVING HEAT! NO DEFINITE shape NO DEFINITE Volume VERY FAR apart *Can be compressed) Move Very FAST All can CHANGE by ADDING or REMOVING HEAT!

Analogy: Gas molecules are like the fans leaving the concert.

Gases can be COMPRESSED One cylinder of helium can fill about 700 balloons. The gas molecules are NOT ALWAYS FAR APART.

S = Solid L = Liquid G = Gas Definite Shape ANSWER: SOLID

S = Solid L = Liquid G = Gas Definite Volume ANSWER: SOLID and LIQUIDS

S = Solid L = Liquid G = Gas NO definite shape ANSWER: LIQUIDS and GASES

S = Solid L = Liquid G = Gas Molecules easily COMPRESSED ANSWER: GASES

S = Solid L = Liquid G = Gas Molecules move FASTEST ANSWER: GASES

S = Solid L = Liquid G = Gas Molecules move SLOWEST (VIBRATE) ANSWER: SOLIDS

S = Solid L = Liquid G = Gas Molecules VERY FAR APART ANSWER: GASES

If we increase pressure on a gas, we increase volume T = True F = False If we increase pressure on a gas, we increase volume ANSWER: FALSE