States of Matter Essential Question: What are the states of matter and how do they differ?

Matter Matter is anything that has MASS and takes up space. Every form of matter has physical and chemical properties

Chemistry Chemistry is the study of the properties of matter and how matter changes A SUBSTANCE is a single kind of matter the is pure.

Physical property Changing a substance without making it into another substance. It can be changed back. Ex: shape, size, hardness

Chemical property Characteristic of a pure substance to change to a new substance.

Elements Elements are the simplest substances Elements cannot be broken down any further The Atom is the basic particle from which elements are made

Molecules 2 or more Elements chemically combined create molecules

States Of Matter There are 5 known and theoretical states of matter We will discuss 4 Solids, Liquids, Gasses, and Plasma

Endo vs. Exo thermic Endothermic- Energy is absorbed by the system (endo “in”) Exothermic- Energy is released by the system (exo “exiting”)

Solids  A solid has a definite shape and a definite volume. Particles do NOT move fast, they are held tightly in place and vibrate in place. This means that the shape won’t change unless you change it.  Two types of solids are crystalline (salt, sugar, snow) and amorphous (plastics, rubber, glass).

Solid Matter Molecule

Liquids  Liquid particles moves fast and slide past each other. A liquid takes the shape of its container and has a definite volume. That means if I pour soda into a cup it takes the shape of the cup.  Properties of liquid include surface tension (molecules on the surface are closer together) and viscosity (a liquid’s resistance to flowing).

Liquid Matter Molecules

Gases  Gas particles spread out and fill all available space. Gas particles move very fast! A gas changes in both shape and volume. This means that it spreads and goes everywhere to fill up the space.

Gas Matter Molecule

Plasma Plasma - state of matter, no definite shape or volume and whose particles have broken apart Plasma consists of positively charged ions and electrons. This means that its atoms have broken apart. Examples: found in lightning and fire, the Northern Lights

Changes of State  Melting point is the temperature at which a substance melts. At a melting point, particles of solid substances are vibrating so fast that they break free from solid positions.  Water melts at 0 degrees Celsius.

Changes between liquids and gases Vaporization-particles in a liquid gain enough energy to form a gas. Evaporation-vaporization that takes place on the surface of a liquid. Boiling-vaporization that takes place throughout the entire liquid, top and bottom.

Changes between liquids and gases Condensation-particles in a gas lose enough thermal energy to form a liquid. Sublimation-particles of a solid do not pass through the liquid state to become a gas. Dry ice is an example of sublimation.

Odd Changes Sublimation- Changes from Solid right to a gas During sublimation, particles of a solid do not pass through the liquid state as they form a gas

Temperature Kelvin scale goes as low as 0K At 0K all matter will stop moving. 0K is -273 degrees Celsius 0K is known as Absolute Zero

Pressure A force exerted over an area Pressure raises the temperature at which a state of matter will change High pressure needs more temperature to change state Low pressure means much easier to change state