Electrical Safety Evolution in DOE Past, Present and Future Lloyd B. Gordon Chief Electrical Safety Officer Los Alamos National Laboratory EFCOG Electrical Safety Task Group Rep

35-year Electrical Safety History of the Speaker 1981 – 1986 – Research Engineer at LLNL, learning electrical safety 1986 – 1991 – Professor Auburn University Worked with LLNL, SNL, Army to develop R&D Electrical Safety Training, incorporating early drafts of DOE Electrical Safety Handbook 1992 – 1998 – Professor Univ. of Texas Worked with LLNL, SNL, Army, SLAC, LANL on R&D Electrical Safety Training 1998 – 2006 – LANL Senior Electrical Safety Engineer, trainer, started R&D workshops Chair 2008 – EFCOG Electrical Safety Subgroup Began as editor of R&D sections of DOE Electrical Safety Handbook Worked with ANL, BNL, training ESOs 2007 – present – LANL Chief Electrical Safety Officer Member of IEEE 1584, ISA Standard 101, NFPA 70E DC and 350 task groups EFCOG representative for LANL on Electrical Safety Task Group

Persons and Institutions Providing Input Old Timers (> 30 years) Larry Perkins, Oak Ridge Office of Environmental Management (OREM) – 40 year history with DOE Electrical Safety (70E) David Mertz, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) Greg Christensen, Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Bob Gray, Hanford Site (70E) Mark Scott, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) Bryan Drennan, Sandia National Laboratory (SNL) (70E) Gary Dreifuerst, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) Jackie Mcalhaney, Savannah River National Laboratory (SRS) Heath Garrison, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Pantex Plant Lloyd Gordon, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) Mark Matthews, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Bobby Sparks, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) Special thanks to all contributors, I will write a more comprehensive report. Glenn Anderson, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) Todd Kujawa, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLAB) Joe Kilar, Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) James Wright, Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL)

NNSA Sites Los Alamos National Laboratory Lawrence Livermore Laboratory Sandia National Laboratories Y-12 National Security Complex Savannah River Site Nevada National Security Site Pantex Plant Kansas City National Security Campus

Office of Science Labs Ames Laboratory Argonne National Laboratory Brookhaven National Laboratory Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Oak Ridge National Laboratory Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility

Office of Environmental Management Sites Hanford Site Idaho National Laboratory Los Alamos National Laboratory Moab Site Nevada National Security Site Oak Ridge Site Paducah Site Portsmouth Site Savannah River National Laboratory Savannah River Site Separations Process Research Unit (SRPU) Site Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) Site West Valley Demonstration Project (WVDP) Site

History of Electrical Safety in DOE 1940s - creation of first “DOE” labs, Manhattan Project LANL, Y-12, Hanford LLNL, SNL, Pantex, SRS, etc. 1970 - exempt from OSHA 1979 – DOE develops Electrical Safety Manual to provide contractors with guidance in electrical safety 1980s – two electrical fatalities, DOE chartered team assessed labs, published: Report of site assessments DOE Electrical Safety Handbook, 1993 Model Electrical Safety Program, Marty Nee 1990s – Assessment team evolved into DOE Electrical Safety Committee 1990 - tiger teams, increased emphasis on workplace safety 1990s – Most of the contractor Electrical Safety Committees were established

History of Electrical Safety in DOE 1996 - Integrated Safety Management (ISM, DOE wide) 1996 – Fatal electrical accident in 1996, LANL 1998 - DOE Electrical Safety Handbook with R&D sections 1990s late – funding issues reduced complex wide electrical safety initiatives, safety was left to each site. Although several labs adopted 1995 NFPA 70E, there was no uniform approach 2003 - OSHA inspections of DOE labs 2004 – Several electrical near misses, including SLAC DOE focus on electrical safety 2005 - Special Operations Report on Electrical Safety from Headquarters Secretary of Energy strongly encourages use of DOE Electrical Safety Handbook 2006 - Electrical Safety Improvement Project (ESIP) 2006 - CFR 851 released, Worker Health and Safety Rule, now under OSHA, NEC, 70E 2007 - EFCOG Electrical Safety Task Group formed 2007 - CFR 851 plan implemented 2013 - Revised DOE Electrical Safety Handbook

Timeline of Select Serious Electrical Accidents in DOE July 1974 – LANL R&D engineer electrocuted on capacitor bank January 1987 - electrician at Rocky Flats receives fatal burns from electrical arc-flash June 1994 - electrician at Oak Ridge severely burned from arc blast January 1996 – laborer at LANL fatally shocked after jackhammer contacts an energized 13.8 kV underground distribution line April 1997 - Bonneville Power Administration subcontract electrician electrocuted after coming in contact with de-energized, 230-kilovolt transmission line conductor carrying induced voltage. June 2004 - electrocution of WAPA lineman, HV October 2004 - severe arc flash burns to technician at SLAC, 480 V July 2013 – electrocution ,115 kV, Bonneville Power Administration May 2015 – arc flash, 13.8 kV, 3rd degree burns, electrician

DOE meetings on electrical safety Annual DOE Electrical Safety meetings in Las Vegas (1990s - 2005) 1st R&D Electrical Safety Meeting/Workshop (2004, LANL) 2nd R&D Electrical Safety Meeting/Workshop (2005, SLAC) 3rd R&D Electrical Safety Meeting/Workshop (2006, SNL/LANL) EFCOG (Energy Facility Contractors Operating Group) Electrical Safety Improvement Project - throughout 2006

Annual Meetings of DOE Electrical Safety Committee 1990s Annual Meetings of DOE Electrical Safety Committee 1990s? - 2005, Las Vegas 2003 – 2005 talks on LOTO Meter safety Utility safety Arc flash, IEEE1584, PPE Medical effects Accidents and trends R&D 70E at DOE sites NEC Site reports OSHA And much more

DOE meetings on electrical safety EFCOG Electrical Safety Workshop 1st 2007 - SNL 2nd 2008, NREL 3rd 2009, Hanford 4th 2010, Brookhaven 5th 2011, Y-12 6th 2012, LANL None, government shutdown 7th 2014, NREL 8th 2015, LLNL 9th 2016, Fermi 10th 2017 - ??

Historical growth of Electrical Safety Committees Most Electrical Safety Committees were founded in the 1990s. Electrical Safety Committees have an average of 15 members. Most commonly represented organizations include Facilities/Maintenance, Safety and Health, Research and Development, and Engineering.

Electrical AHJ at labs Some small labs – one person Some labs – two persons (facility and R&D or safety) A few labs – a committee

Electrical Safety Subject Matter Experts (ESO) ESO, Field AHJ, DEEI, etc. 85% of those who responded report having an Electrical Safety Officer(s) or equivalent A common responsibility is the inspection and approval of unlisted electrical equipment Other ESO roles have a wide variety but generally include advising management and employees on electrical safety requirements and procedures, including electrical safe work procedures and training. 64% use a combination of online and in-class training. The rest use in-class training only. Most (83%) of those who responded report requiring training every three years. Others require every 2 years or with the standards revision cycle.

Evolution of Unlisted Electrical Equipment Approval in DOE December 1998 – released in DOE Electrical Safety Handbook 1998 – 2005 – larger labs started programs 2006 – 2015 – smaller labs implemented programs 2013 - complex wide recommended program placed in the DOE Electrical Safety Handbook 2015 – equipment approval reciprocity program developed TODAY 70% of labs report that they are greater than 90% complete in the inspection and approval of unlisted electrical equipment 15% are around 50% complete 15% are less than 20% complete

Today NFPA 70E Implementation, by version 2015 – 1 5 in process 2012 – 6 1 in process 2009 – 4 2004 - 8

Electrical Hazard Classification 70% of those who responded report that they are using or will soon be using Hazard Classification, or similar, in DOE Handbook.

DOE R&D electrical safety workshops 1st R&D Electrical Safety Meeting/Workshop (2004, LANL) 2nd R&D Electrical Safety Meeting/Workshop (2005, SLAC) 3rd R&D Electrical Safety Meeting/Workshop (2006, SNL/LANL)

2004 R&D Workshop Supported DOE Handbook Edited R&D Chapters, 9 and 10 Stated that we needed more R&D Chapters Four working groups Unlisted Electrical Equipment Approval Qualification and Training DOE Handbook, Chapter 9 DOE Handbook, Chapter 10 Worked on first concepts of Hazard Classification Led to December 2004 DOE Handbook

2005 R&D Workshop Working Groups 10CFR851 – major impact NFPA 70E – started discussing R&D Standards for R&D Talks Applying 70E to R&D Acceptance of multilab equipment inspections Equipment approval methods Consistent Electrical Hazard Classification

2006 R&D Workshop Working Groups Unlisted Electrical Equipment Approval Electrical Hazard Classification Work Control for R&D (70E) Reporting and Assessment Criteria Engineering Controls (Ch.9 and 10, Standards) Talks CRADs for site assessment

EFCOG/DOE Electrical Safety Improvement Project released January 12, 2006 developed in response to DOE’s challenge to improve electrical safety performance, as directed by Energy Secretary Samuel Bodman a formal approach for managing improvement to integrate current DOE and contractor electrical safety efforts

EFCOG Area Leaders EFCOG ELECTRICAL SAFETY IMPROVEMENT PROJECT MANAGER Tony Umek - Fluor #6 – Controlling Energized Work Hazards Chip Lagdon – DOE Alan Gibson – LANL Steve Merrick – INL Paul Case – FH Richard DeBusk – LBNL #2 – Technical Authorities and Qualifications Chip Lagdon, Don Harvey, Mike Hicks, Cliff Ashley – DOE David Mills – WSRC Terry Fogle – LANL Lloyd Gordon – LANL Mark McNellis – SNL Bobby Gray – FH Bobby Sparks – PNNL #3 – DOE Electrical Safety Policy and Handbook Ray Hardwick, Cliff Ashley – DOE Bryan Drennan – SNL #5 – Awareness/Continuation Training Ray Blowitski – DOE Jackie McAlhaney – WSRC Bill Reid – INEL George Mortinson – INPO Lloyd Gordon – LANL Advisory Committee #4 – Reporting Criteria/ Performance Measurement Frank Tooper, Ray Blowitski, Mike Hicks – DOE Contractors (see Attachment 1) #7 – Consolidation of Ongoing Electrical Safety Activities Frank Tooper, Dave Chaney, Frank Russo, Chip Lagdon – DOE Joe Yanek – WSRC Tony Umek – FH Barbara Hargis – LANL #1 – Baseline Assessment/Criteria Randy Unger – DOE C. Bryan Drennan – SNL Jackie McAlhaney – WSRC

R&D Workshop input into EFCOG 1 - Unlisted Equipment Approval 2 - Hazard Classification 3 - Work Control 4 - Assessments 5 - Standards EFCOG ELECTRICAL SAFETY IMPROVEMENT PROJECT MANAGER Tony Umek - Fluor #6 – Controlling Energized Work Hazards Chip Lagdon – DOE Alan Gibson – LANL Steve Merrick – INL Paul Case – FH Richard DeBusk – LBNL #2 – Technical Authorities and Qualifications Chip Lagdon, Don Harvey, Mike Hicks, Cliff Ashley – DOE David Mills – WSRC Terry Fogle – LANL Lloyd Gordon – LANL Mark McNellis – SNL Bobby Gray – FH Bobby Sparks – PNNL #3 – DOE Electrical Safety Policy and Handbook Ray Hardwick, Cliff Ashley – DOE Bryan Drennan – SNL #5 – Awareness/Continuation Training Ray Blowitski – DOE Jackie McAlhaney – WSRC Bill Reid – INEL George Mortinson – INPO Lloyd Gordon – LANL Advisory Committee #4 – Reporting Criteria/ Performance Measurement Frank Tooper, Ray Blowitski, Mike Hicks – DOE Contractors (see Attachment 1) #7 – Consolidation of Ongoing Electrical Safety Activities Frank Tooper, Dave Chaney, Frank Russo, Chip Lagdon – DOE Joe Yanek – WSRC Tony Umek – FH Barbara Hargis – LANL #1 – Baseline Assessment/Criteria Randy Unger – DOE C. Bryan Drennan – SNL Jackie McAlhaney – WSRC

EFCOG Electrical Safety Subgroup or Task Group chairs 2007 – Bobby Gray, Hanford 2008 – Lloyd Gordon, LANL 2009 – 2010 – Mark McNellis, SNL 2011 – 2012 – Jackie McAlhaney, SRS 2013 – 2014 – Greg Christensen, INL 2015 – 2016 – Heath Garrison, NREL 2017 – 2018 – Richard Waters, INL

2007 EFCOG Workshop Working Groups DOE Electrical Safety Handbook, Ch. 1-8 DOE Electrical Safety Handbook, R&D and Future Electrical Safety Center of Excellence Engineering Solutions for Personnel Safety Review of NFPA 70E Proposals Application of NFPA 70E into DOE labs

2008 EFCOG Workshop - NREL Working Groups 2008 NEC 2009 NFPA 70E Electrical Severity Ranking Tool Electrical Safety Performance for the Complex Polished input to DOE Electrical Safety Handbook

2009 EFCOG Workshop - Hanford Working Groups Training ISA Standards Equipment Approval Subsurface Detection 70E Proposals

2010 EFCOG Workshop - BNL Working Groups Implementation of 2009 70E DC Hazards Hazardous Energy Control Analysis of Complex Incidents

2011 EFCOG Workshop – Y12 Working Groups 2012 70E 2015 70E proposals Hazardous Energy Control Subsurface Detection Lightning Protection AHJ Qualifications and Training

2012 EFCOG Workshop – LANL Working Groups Hazardous Energy Control Lightning Protection Severity Tool Standard Mobile Field Applications DC Standards and Arc Flash Calculations

2014 EFCOG Workshop – NREL Working Groups Hazardous Energy Control AHJ Issues Large Scale and Microgrid Power Systems Compensatory Arc Flash Protection DC Standards and Arc Flash Calculations

2015 EFCOG Workshop – LLNL Working Groups DC Systems Hazardous Energy Control Electrical Safety Medium Voltage, Subcontractors Equipment Approval Reciprocity Risk Assessment per NFPA 70E

2016 EFCOG Workshop – Fermi Working Groups DC Hazardous Energy Hazardous Energy Control Subcontractor Electrical Safety Management DOE Electrical Safety Handbook NFPA 70E Risk Assessments

Contributions of EFCOG Workshops DOE Electrical Safety Handbook Revisions – 2004, 2013 New material – excavations, equipment approval, hazard classification 10CFR851 Modified to add “must have electrical safety program to cover R&D NFPA 70E 2009 – Article 350 2012 – DC approach shock boundaries, DC arc flash calculations 2015 – DC task tables, etc. 2018 – eliminated article 340, others Best practices Lightning protection, hazardous energy control, DC analysis Equipment approval reciprocity Electrical Severity Measurement Tool Risk Assessment (based on 2015 NFPA 70E)

Collaboration with the Army Research Laboratory 2008 – The Army Research Laboratories (ARL) contacted DOE seeking improvements in electrical safety in their R&D labs. 2008 – present – soldier deaths due to showers, low hanging distribution lines, and field micro grid power systems get attention March 2009 – ARL - R&D electrical fatality to civilian researcher on 1000 J capacitor 2009 ARL adopts much of DOE electrical hazard classification, R&D electrical training, and electrical work control approval 2011 – 2013 – ARL adopts DOE unlisted electrical equipment approval process 2011 – 2016 – DoD participates in Electrical Safety Workshops, contribute products to DOE (mobile app, etc.)

What’s Next? Revision of DOE Electrical Safety Handbook Break into facility and R&D? Add sections on D&D, lighting protection, etc. Best practices on Subcontractor oversight, risk assessment, LOTO, DC hazard analysis, solar power, lithium ion battery safety National Electrical Safety Month Battery safety User friendly tools To aid workers, managers, and SMEs in implementing electrical safety Training Share training materials, best practices Someday, reciprocity in electrical training?