T2-05-30 Standard phylogenetic approaches and Three-taxon statement analysis remain as tools of discovery: Cryptic genera in Atraphaxis (Polygonaceae) Olga V.Yurtseva1, Evgeny V.Mavrodiev2 1 Department of Higher Plants, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-12, 119991, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: olgayurtseva@yandex.ru 2 Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A., e-mail: evgeny@ufl.edu Purpose We aim to reveal relationships within Atraphaxis L. s.l. as broadly circumscribed by Tavakkoli et al. (2015) using standard phylogenetic techniques and Three-taxon statement analysis (3TA). Methods Maximum Likelihood analysis (ML) and Bayesian Inference (BI) of the tribe Polygoneae based on nuclear (ITS) and combined plastid (three loci) datasets; Standard Maximum Parsimony (MP) and 3TA of 27 morphological characters Results Distributional areas of Bactria, Persepolium and Atraphaxis Bactria lazkovii Atraphaxis Bactria ovczinnikovii Peerspolium Nuclear phylogeny of the tribe Polygoneae (ML, BI) Plastid phylogeny of the tribe Polygoneae (ML, BI) Monophyly vs paraphyly of Bactria (plastid vs nuclear topology) The aLRT support values ≥ 0.8 from ML analysis / posterior probabilities ≥ 0.9 from the BI The aLRT support values ≥ 0.8 from ML analysis/ posterior probabilities ≥ 0.9 from the BI Morphological phylogeny of Atraphaxis s.l. (standard MP) Nested most parsimonious hierarchy of patterns (3TA, morphology) Bactria B. lazkovii B. ovczinnikovii P. salicornioides Persepolium Atraphaxis A. toktogulica A. virgata Conclusions The almost fully congruent topologies that result from (1.) ML and BI of the molecular datasets and (2.) from both standard MP and 3TA analyses of the morphological data elucidate the discovery of the generic rank of traditionally circumscribed Atraphaxis s.str., as well as Bactria and Persepolium, and suggest potential hybridization processes within the tribe Polygoneae. MP Bootstrap support values ≥ 50%

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