THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR (APRIL-AUGUST, 1898) CHAPTER 10, SECTION 2 NOTES THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR (APRIL-AUGUST, 1898)
AMERICAN INTEREST IN CUBA Cuba lies 90 miles south of Florida 1886-Cuba is controlled by Spain American businessmen began investing millions of dollars in large sugar cane plantations on the island.
Cubans wanted their independence from Spain Native Cubans had been forced into slavery by the Spanish. The Cubans began a revolt against the Spanish hoping to provoke the U.S. to send aid.
Teller Amendment The U.S. will not annex Cuba. Congress pledged to leave the government and control of the island to the people as soon as peace was established there.
What group of people do you think were interested in sending aid to Cuba? -Wealthy businessmen to protect their interests in Cuba
CUBA UNDER SPANISH RULE
GENERAL VALERIANO WEYLER THE “BUTCHER” OF CUBA
Spain sent General Valeriano Weyler to restore order in Cuba. He put the entire Cuban population into barbed wire concentration camps. Hundreds of thousands died due to hunger, disease, and starvation.
Yellow journalism Exaggerating the news to lure and enrage readers News reports of Weyler’s brutality began circulating in the news. This would lead to many Americans supporting war against Spain.
WILLIAM MCKINLEY PRESIDENT OF THE U.S.A. FROM 1897-1901
WILLIAM RANDOLPH HEARST OWNER AND EDITOR OF THE NEW YORK JOURNAL
WILLIAM RANDOLPH HEARST
JOSEPH PULITZER OWNER AND EDITOR OF THE NEW YORK WORLD
YELLOW KID This popular comic strip led to yellow journalism.
Pres. McKinley wanted to avoid war with Spain so he tried diplomatic means to resolve the crisis. As a result, Spain recalled Gen. Weyler, did away with some concentration camps, and gave Cuba limited self-government.
ENRIQUE DUPUY DE LOME SPANISH AMBASSADOR TO THE U.S.
February, 1898-the New York Journal published the DeLome letter. A Cuban rebel had stolen the letter from a Havana post office and leaked it to the newspaper.
It criticized Pres. McKinley calling him “weak” and was “a bidder for the admiration of the crowd”. Americans were angered over the insult. The Spanish government apologized and the ambassador resigned.
USS MAINE-FEBRUARY 15,1898
1898-Pres. McKinley ordered the U. S. S 1898-Pres. McKinley ordered the U.S.S. Maine to Cuba to bring home American citizens in danger from the fighting and to protect American property. February 15, 1898-the ship blew up in the harbor of Havana killing 260 men.
No one really knew why the ship exploded American newspapers claimed that the Spanish had blown up the ship. “Remember the Maine” became the cry that would support U.S. involvement in Cuba.
April 20, 1898-Congress declared war on Spain Spain currently had colonies in the Philippines, Guam, a few areas in Africa, and Cuba and Puerto Rico.
ADMIRAL GEORGE DEWEY
April 30th-First place of attack came about in Manila-the capital of the Philippines. Within hours, Dewey’s men had destroyed every Spanish ship. Filipinos joined forces with the Americans to gain freedom from Spain.
BATTLE OF MANILA
EMILIO AGUINALDO
Aguinaldo assisted the American troops in freeing the Philippines from Spanish control.
WESLEY MERRITT
Wesley Merritt and the U. S Wesley Merritt and the U.S. Army will take command of the Philippines once the Spanish have been defeated.
GENERAL WILLIAM SHAFTER
General Shafter was commander of American troops in Cuba during the Spanish-American War.
June, 1898 American forces landed in Cuba Army of 17,000 included a voluntary cavalry called the Rough Riders under the command of Leonard Wood and Theodore Roosevelt
Leonard Wood Theodore Roosevelt
Rough Riders Established by Theodore Roosevelt to fight in Cuba Voluntary Cavalry Unit Harvard football players, polo players, cowboys, outlaws/crooks, Native Americans, and miners
The Spanish-American war would be fought on the three islands of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. Infantry-foot soldiers Cavalry-soldiers on horseback How long did this war last?- 16 weeks
July 1, 1898-Battle of San Juan Hill and Santiago Bloodiest battle of the S-A war. Americans lost three times as many lives as the Spanish.
THE ROUGH RIDERS
JOHN J. PERSHING
COMMANDER OF THE 10TH NEGRO CAVALRY DURING THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR
ADMIRAL WILLIAM SAMPSON
He was instrumental in destroying Admiral Cervera’s Spanish fleet in Santiago Harbor in Cuba.
SANTIAGO HARBOR
U.S. newspapers declared Theodore Roosevelt the hero of San Juan Hill. July 25th, 1898-American troops invaded Puerto Rico. August 12th, 1898-U.S. and Spain signed an armistice (cease-fire agreement).
Secretary of State John Hay called the S-A war “a splendid little war” because the fighting only took 16 weeks. December 10, 1898-U.S. and Spain met in Paris to agree on a treaty.
Treaty of Paris,1898-ended the Spanish-American war Terms of the treaty: -Spain freed Cuba -Spain turned over Guam & Puerto Rico to the U.S. -Spain sold the Philippines to the U.S. for $20 million
A nation whose foreign policy is partly controlled by another nation. PROTECTORATE A nation whose foreign policy is partly controlled by another nation.
PROTECTORATES Philippines Puerto Rico Guam
The treaty struck up a debate over whether or not the U. S The treaty struck up a debate over whether or not the U.S. had the right to annex the Philippines. The Philippines resisted annexation by the U.S. because they were promised their independence if the U.S. won the war.
Pres. McKinley decided that the Filipinos were too “uncivilized” to govern themselves. The U.S. fought with the people of the Philippines for over three years. In the end, the U.S. defeated the Filipinos.
EMILIO AGUINALDO
Emilio Aguinaldo of the Philippines led the resistance against America.
The Americans confined many Filipinos in concentration camps like the ones the Spanish had used in Cuba. Americans continued to rule the islands until after World War II. The war in the Philippines claimed four times as many American lives as the war with Spain did.
Arthur MacArthur Became the military governor of the American-occupied Philippines