STUDENT NOTES FOR CH. 6 HIS101

A History of Western Society Tenth Edition CHAPTER 6 The Pax Romana, 31 BCE–284 CE

Caesar’s heir is _____? Octavian (later known as Augustus) Caesar named his 18yr old grandnephew, Octavian his heir……Why not Mark Antony??

”A ruthless and cutthroat swapping of friends and family.”- Plutarch Second Triumvirate: -Octavian (later known as Augustus) -Antony -Lepidus -Revenge! Kill the murderer’s! ”A ruthless and cutthroat swapping of friends and family.”- Plutarch

DIVISION OF ROME: Lepidus becomes ‘third wheel’ Lepidus in Africa New plan… -Octavian and Antony divided the Roman world….Octavian/West: Antony/East Tensions run high between Antony and Octavian…reasons?

Where’s my money? Recruiting an army Antony alone in Rome Octavian return’s Antony flees

Antony & Cleopatra: Antony flees to Egypt: Becomes lovers and allies with Cleopatra Antony and Cleopatra marry in Egypt and will have 3 children together What did Antony and Cleopatra spend all their time doing? Antony not ruling his “part” of Rome Antony made his son Alexander Helios the ruler of Armenia; he also awarded the title "Queen of Kings" to Cleopatra

‘Enough is Enough’: Angered Octavian Octavian believed that Antony was a foolish captive of the seductive Cleopatra and a romantic….not fit to rule Rome. Octavian decides to take fight to Antony and Cleopatra…

The final fight…: -Battle of Actium and it s consequences… -Egypt would become a Roman province -Suicides -”Two Caesars are one too many”

Restoring Peace to Rome: Rome had new peace, prosperity, hope, and a new vision of Rome’s destiny. Octavian victorious and restored peace to Rome after many years of civil war

AUGUSTUS: -Senate granted power -Became ‘Imperator’ -Constitutional monarchy -Continued Caesars reforms -Mark on ages to come

A man with many name’s: Gaius Octavius Octavius or Octavian Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus Gaius Julius Caesar Divi Filius. Imperator Caesar Divi Filius Imperator Caesar Divi Filius Augustus. Augustus or Augustus Caesar

Augustus’ concerns were ________ & ________ His marriage: Livia His children Augustus names his heir=______________

AUGUSTUS: -Local self-government -Cult of Roma -Two temples -Augustus=a god?

Golden Age of Latin Literature and Social Changes : -Virgil and the Aeneid -Traditional Morality -Relationships

The Legacy of Augustus - Death of Augustus Created a dynasty Problems of succession Tiberius

Augustus’ Successors -The Julio-Claudians- good and bad rulers -Vespasian established the Flavians -Peace again

Absolute Power, continued peace and prosperity The Age of the Five Good Emperors Absolute Power, continued peace and prosperity Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius Hadrian- created new imperial administrative departments, separated civil and military service, increasing efficiency. Excellent system of Roman roads and changes to the army happened during this time period.

Life in Rome -daily life -education -careers -slavery

Entertainment Gladiator shows Criminals Slaves Prisoners of war Chariot racing

King Herod Lost favor with Jews Judea prospered Fear led to ‘Massacre of the Innocents”

Massacre of the Innocents Search for Jesus Wise men Bethlehem Jesus/family flee Massacre

Post-Herod -Pontius Pilate -Zealots -Militant Apocalypticism -Pagans

Life and Teachings of Jesus -Controversial topics -Agreements -Teachings -Threat -Pilate/Death

The Spread of Christianity -Paul of Tarsus -Appeal of Christianity -Events in Rome

Christians/Pagans -Peter -Misunderstandings -Persecution