REVOLTS IN LATIN AMERICA 1791-1825

STATE STANDARDS 10.2.1 Compare the major ideas of philosophers and their effects on the democratic revolutions in England, the United States, France, and Latin America (e.g., John Locke, Charles-Louis Montesquieu, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Simón Bolívar, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison).

REVOLTS IN LATIN AMERICA 1791-1825

1797

Latin American Peoples Win Independence 1791-1823 Haiti 1790 Small white minority rules over slave population. Brutal conditions Boukman raises call for revolution

Toussaint L’Overture leads savage rebellion Captured by French Inspiration to Latin American and African peoples worldwide Terrifies southern U.S.

Toussaint Loverature

Latin American Pillars of Power Military-the Presidio Church- Iglesia Landowners encomienda hacienda

Social Structure Penisulares Creoles Mestizo Mulatto Zambo Indian

Mexican Independence What begins as revolt of mestizo and Indian masses ends as creoles take over

MIGUEL HIDALGO

1810 Miguel Hidalgo Leads peasant uprising Grito de Dolores-call for Mexican independence Creoles refuse to support Hidalgo, he is captured/ executed

Miguel Hidalgo

1811-1815 Jose Morelos continues rebellion Mestizo leader Brilliant general Controls southern Mexico Defeated by creole forces Executed 1815

JOSE DE MORELOS

1821 fear of liberal government in Spain leads to military takeover by military-General Agustin de Iturbide

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna Early liberation leader Dictator four times

Santa Anna loses Texas war for independence - 1836 1848- Santa Anna loses war to United States

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo- Mexico loses California, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona

Benito Juarez Abraham Lincoln of Mexico Zapotec Indian

Wins control of government in 1858 Led La Reforma land redistribution education Wins control of government in 1858

South America Revolution set up by Napoleon’s conquest of Spain Creoles, native-born whites, assume control Restoration of Charles III causes attempt to restore Peninsulare control

Creole revolt in North led by Simon Bolivar el Liberator philosopher general inspired by French and American examples

South led by Jose de San Martin

1822 Bolivar and San Martin combine forces Drive out Spanish from Peru San Martin leaves his forces to Bolivar Bolivar defeats Spanish at Ayacucho-last major battle of war for independence.

Bolivar struggle to unite South American states Fails Dies disillusioned Divided south America in creole control

Brazil: Non-Violent Change 1807 Napoleon’s conquest of Portugal leads to exile of royal family in colony 1822 creoles demand independence Dom Pedro becomes emperor of Brazil

Conclusions Latin American nations gain independence , but face many problems Non-democratic legacy of Spanish empire Ethnic/class divisions Geographic divisions