Human Computer Interaction Slide 4 Lecturer: Gokhan GUMUS

When did you start reading your native language? Reading is Unnatural... When did you start reading your native language? When did you start talking your native language? In contrast, writing and reading did not exist until a few thousand years BC and did not become common until only four or five centuries ago. At no time during childhood do our brains show any special innate ability to learn to read. Instead, reading is an artificial skill that we learn by systematic instruction and practice, like playing a violin, juggling, or reading music (Sousa, 2005). Lecturer: Gokhan GUMUS

Illiterate Look Lecturer: Gokhan GUMUS

Nature of reading 1. Lines, contours, and shapes are basic visual features that our brain recognizes innately. We don’t have to learn to recognize them. Lecturer: Gokhan GUMUS

Nature of reading 2. Basic features combine to form patterns that we learn to identify as characters, letters, numeric digits, and other standard symbols. In ideographic scripts, such as Chinese, symbols represent entire words or concepts. Abcd ABCD 砂 ,目 , 手 , 剣 (Sand, eye, hand, sword) Lecturer: Gokhan GUMUS

Nature of reading 3. In alphabetic scripts, patterns of characters form morphemes, which we learn to recognize as packets of meaning, e.g., “farm,” “tax,” “-ed,” and “-ing” are morphemes in English. Lecturer: Gokhan GUMUS

Nature of reading 4. Morphemes combine to form patterns that we recognize as words, e.g., “farm,” “tax,” “-ed,” and “-ing” can be combined to form the words “farm,” “farmed,” “farming,” “tax,” “taxed,” and “taxing.” Even ideographic scripts include symbols that serve as morphemes or modifiers of meaning rather than as words or concepts. Lecturer: Gokhan GUMUS

6. Sentences combine to form paragraphs. Nature of reading 5. Words combine to form patterns that we learn to recognize as phrases, idiomatic expressions, and sentences. 6. Sentences combine to form paragraphs. Lecturer: Gokhan GUMUS

There are two common reading approaches are being used, these are; How do we read ? There are two common reading approaches are being used, these are; 1. Feature-driven (bottom-up) 2. Context-deriven, context-based (top-down) Lecturer: Gokhan GUMUS

1. Feature-driven (bottom-up) How do we read ? 1. Feature-driven (bottom-up) Feature-driven reading is sometimes referred to as “bottom-up” or “context-free.” The brain’s ability to recognize basic features: lines, edges, angles, etc.—is built in and therefore automatic from birth. In contrast, recognition of morphemes, words, and phrases has to be learned. It starts out as a non-automatic, conscious process requiring conscious analysis of letters, morphemes, and words, but with enough practice it becomes automatic. Lecturer: Gokhan GUMUS

Now we will try a feature-driven example... How do we read ? Now we will try a feature-driven example... Lecturer: Gokhan GUMUS

2. Context-deriven, context-based (top-down) How do we read ? 2. Context-deriven, context-based (top-down) Context-driven or top-down reading operates in parallel with feature-driven reading but it works the opposite way: from whole sentences or the gist of a paragraph down to the words and characters. The visual system starts by recognizing high-level patterns like words, phrases, and sentences, or by knowing the text’s meaning in advance. It then uses that knowledge to figure out—or guess—what the components of the high-level pattern must be. Lecturer: Gokhan GUMUS

How do we read ? Now we will try some context-based examples. Try to read each of the given slides as fast as you can... Lecturer: Gokhan GUMUS

Furtue is here... Weolcme to Isihk Unisverity How do we read ? Lecturer: Gokhan GUMUS

How do we read ? Lecturer: Gokhan GUMUS

Furtue is here... Weolcme to Isihk Unisverity How do we read ? Lecturer: Gokhan GUMUS

We do love Hawler... Here is Iraq. We celebrate Nawruz... How do we read ? Here is Iraq. We celebrate Nawruz... We do love Hawler... Lecturer: Gokhan GUMUS

How do we read ? Lecturer: Gokhan GUMUS

We do love Hawler... Here is Iraq. We celebrate Nawruz... How do we read ? Here is Iraq. We celebrate Nawruz... We do love Hawler... Lecturer: Gokhan GUMUS

How do we read ? Lecturer: Gokhan GUMUS

How do we read ? Lecturer: Gokhan GUMUS

How do we read ? Lecturer: Gokhan GUMUS

1. Uncommon or Unfamiliar vocabulary What disturbes reading ? 1. Uncommon or Unfamiliar vocabulary If the user was diactive since 15 minutes you can print a “geek speak” for the user, so which one is a better warning message for your case; 1. Your session has expired. Please reauthenticate. 2. Your session has expired. Please login again. Lecturer: Gokhan GUMUS

2. Difficult Script and Typeface What disturbes reading ? 2. Difficult Script and Typeface In case if you need to read a certain text, in which format do you prefer to read? Photosynthesis is a progress to produce food and oxygen by using sunlight, carbondioxide and water. This progress happens at green parts of plants. Lecturer: Gokhan GUMUS

What disturbes reading ? 3. Tiny Fonts In case if you need to read a certain text, in which format do you prefer to read? Photosynthesis is a progress to produce food and oxygen by using sunlight, carbondioxide and water. This progress happens at green parts of plants. Lecturer: Gokhan GUMUS

4. Text on noisy background What disturbes reading ? 4. Text on noisy background In case if you need to read a certain text, in which format do you prefer to read? Photosynthesis is a progress to produce food and oxygen by using sunlight, carbondioxide and water. This progress happens at green parts of plants. Lecturer: Gokhan GUMUS

5. Information buried in repetition What disturbes reading ? 5. Information buried in repetition Lecturer: Gokhan GUMUS

Photosynthesis is a progress to produce food and What disturbes reading ? 6. Centered Text In case if you need to read a certain text, in which format do you prefer to read? Photosynthesis is a progress to produce food and oxygen by using sunlight, Carbondioxide and water. This progress happens at green parts of plants. Photosynthesis is a progress to produce food and oxygen by using sunlight, carbondioxide and water. This progress happens at green parts of plants. Lecturer: Gokhan GUMUS

Don’t disturb reading; support it! What disturbes reading ? 7. Design implications : Don’t disturb reading; support it! Obviously, a designer’s goal should be to support reading, not disrupt it. Lecturer: Gokhan GUMUS

What disturbes reading ? 8. All CAPS In case if you need to read a certain text, in which format do you prefer to read? Photosynthesis is a progress to produce food and oxygen by using sunlight, carbondioxide and water. This progress happens at green parts of plants. PHOTOSYNTHESIS IS A PROGRESS TO PRODUCE FOOD AND OXYGEN BY USING SUNLIGHT, CARBONDIOXIDE AND WATER. THIS PROGRESS HAPPENS AT GREEN PARTS OF PLANTS. Lecturer: Gokhan GUMUS

What disturbes reading ? 9. Serif VS Sans-Serif In case if you need to read a certain text, in which format do you prefer to read? Photosynthesis is a progress to produce food and oxygen by using sunlight, carbondioxide and water. This progress happens at green parts of plants. Lecturer: Gokhan GUMUS

10. Reduce non-needed text, make it short and straight forward What disturbes reading ? 10. Reduce non-needed text, make it short and straight forward Lecturer: Gokhan GUMUS

What to do next ? Test on real users Finally, designers should test their designs on the intended user population to be confident that the users can read all essential text quickly and effortlessly. Some testing can be done early, using prototypes and partial implementations, but it should also be done just before release. Fortunately, last minute changes to text font sizes and formats are usually easy to make. Lecturer: Gokhan GUMUS