Shorelines Assignment Section 16.3

Key Concepts/Vocab Key Concepts: How are the sediments along the shoreline moved? How does refraction affect wave action along the shore? What do longshore currents do? By which processes do shoreline features form? What structures can be built to protect a shoreline? What is beach nourishment? Vocabulary: Beach Wave refraction Longshore current Barrier island Assignment: List the pros and cons of groins, breakwaters, seawalls, and beach nourishment. Choose which protective measure do you believe is the most effective. Explain your reasoning. Pg. 467 #10-12, pg. 472 #19-22

Review Questions What landforms are created by wave erosion? List four ways to prevent or slow shoreline erosion? What would cause the inscription on a marble gravestone to become harder and harder to read over time? A soil’s texture is determined by _____. Whenever the characteristics and chemical composition of weathered materials have been altered, they have undergone _____. Chemical weathering would be most effective in a ­_____. The B horizon is also called the _____. Where is the energy source found that drives the processes that form igneous and metamorphic rocks? Which structure is built to protect boats from large breaking waves? A foliated metamorphic rock forms when crystals _____.

Review Questions What landforms are created by wave erosion? Wave-cut cliffs and platforms, sea arches, and sea stacks List four ways to prevent or slow shoreline erosion? Groins, breakwaters, and seawalls, and beach nourishment. What would cause the inscription on a marble gravestone to become harder and harder to read over time? chemical weathering A soil’s texture is determined by _____. Particle size Whenever the characteristics and chemical composition of weathered materials have been altered, they have undergone _____. chemical weathering Chemical weathering would be most effective in a ­_____. Warm, humid climate The B horizon is also called the _____. subsoil. Where is the energy source found that drives the processes that form igneous and metamorphic rocks? Earth’s interior Which structure is built to protect boats from large breaking waves? Breakwater A foliated metamorphic rock forms when crystals _____. Combine and form visible bands

Review Questions The factor that has the greatest effect on soil formation is _____. What can fossils found in sedimentary rocks be used for? In which of the following settings would a metamorphic rock most likely form—an ocean floor, on the slopes of an active volcano, a desert, or 8 km below Earth’s surface? As the rate of cooling of igneous rocks increases, the size of crystals that form ­­­_____. List three factors that affect the rate of weathering. A rock that forms when magma hardens beneath Earth’s surface is called an _____. What is the mechanical weathering process that involves constant freezing and thawing of water? What feature connects an island to the mainland or to another island? What are the three types of rocks? What is a wave-cut platform? List three processes associated with mechanical weathering?

Review Questions The factor that has the greatest effect on soil formation is _____. Climate What can fossils found in sedimentary rocks be used for? Matching rocks of the same age found in different places, interpreting past environments, and indicating when the rock formed. In which of the following settings would a metamorphic rock most likely form—an ocean floor, on the slopes of an active volcano, a desert, or 8 km below Earth’s surface? 8 km below Earth’s surface As the rate of cooling of igneous rocks increases, the size of crystals that form ­­­_____. Decreases List three factors that affect the rate of weathering. Chemical composition of the exposed rock, surface area of the exposed rock, and climate. A rock that forms when magma hardens beneath Earth’s surface is called an _____. Intrusive igneous rock. What is the mechanical weathering process that involves constant freezing and thawing of water? Frost wedging What feature connects an island to the mainland or to another island? Tombolo What are the three types of rocks? Igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary What is a wave-cut platform? A flat, benchlike surface List three processes associated with mechanical weathering? Unloading, biological activity, and frost wedging.