Weathering Rates of Weathering Soil & Soil Conservation Fresh Water Resources Agents of Erosion & Deposition 100 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 200 300 300 300 300 300 400 400 400 400 400 500 500 500 500 500
What is the break down of rock into smaller pieces by physical means called?
Mechanical Weathering
What is the process by which rocks break down as a result of a change in composition called?
Chemical Weathering
Name 4 agents of mechanical weathering and briefly describe how they weather.
abrasion, gravity, plants, and animals.
What are the 3 most common agents of chemical weathering What are the 3 most common agents of chemical weathering? Briefly describe each one.
water, weak acids, air
Describe the similarity in the ways tree roots and ice mechanically weather rock.
Both tree roots and ice can force cracks in rocks to expand.
What is differential weathering?
The process by which softer, less weather resistant rocks wear away and leave harder, more weather resistant rocks behind.
A rock will have a lower rate of weathering when the rock ____ A rock will have a lower rate of weathering when the rock ____. A) is in a humid climate B) is a very hard rock C)is at a high elevation D) has more surface area
B) Is a very hard rock
How does surface area affect the rate of weathering?
When the surface area increases (TB of sugar vs When the surface area increases (TB of sugar vs. cube), the rate of weathering increases.
What type of climate has faster chemical weathering?
Chemical-warm, humid
Why do mountaintops weather faster than rocks at sea level.
They are exposed to more wind, rain, and ice because of their high elevation.
What is the dark, organic material formed in soil from the decayed remains of plants and animals.
humus
What is erosion?
Process by which wind, water, ice, or gravity transport soil and sediment from one location to another?
Name the soil horizons in order from top to bottom.
O Ground level (litter) A (topsoil, humus) E leaching zone B (collects dissolved nutrients from upper layers, subsoil) C (partially weathered bedrock) R (bedrock)
Why is soil important? Give 3 reasons.
Houses for animals. Stores water. Provides nutrients for plants.
List and describe 5 methods of soil conservation.
Crop Rotation- Rotating crops each season to replenished needed nutrients to the soil Contour Plowing- prevents erosion by plowing across a slope so rows act like dams. Terracing- prevents erosion by dividing a steep hill into a series of flat fields. No till farming- prevents erosion by leaving old stalks on the land. Cover Crops- prevent erosion by covering the ground during harvesting seasons.
Name 3 features that can be made from wave erosion.
sea cave, sea stack, headland,
Name a feature that can be created during wave deposition?
Beaches, sand bars, barrier islands.
Why are flood plains both good and bad for farming?
Good- fertile land Bad- drown crops
(Erosion or Deposition) occurs along the inside of a bank of the bend in a river, where water flows slower. (Erosion or Deposition) occurs along the outside bank of the bend in a river where the water flows faster.
Deposition occurs along the inside of a bank of the bend in a river, where water flows slower. Erosion occurs along the outside bank of the bend in a river where the water flows faster.
Compare AND contrast deltas and alluvial fans.
Compare- 1. fan shaped 2. materials deposited by a. stream Contrast- 1 Compare- 1. fan shaped 2. materials deposited by a stream Contrast- 1. Delta- form in body of water 2. Alluvial fan- form on dry land
What are the 4 agents erosion and deposition?
1. Wave 2. Wind 3. Ice 4. Gravity
What is mass movement? Provide 3 examples.
The downhill movement of eroded materials The downhill movement of eroded materials. Creep Landslide Mudslide Avalanche
What do glaciers do as they flow over land?
They carve out valleys and abrade rocks that they move over.
What agent of erosion causes mudflows, landslides, and rock falls?
gravity
How does an oxbow lake form?
When sediment builds up at the mouth of a meander in a river.