World War II and its Aftermath 1931-1955 Chapter 29 Pages 922-961

From Appeasement to War

Aggression goes unchecked Japan Overruns Manchuria (1931) and Eastern China (1937)

Aggression goes unchecked League of Nations condemns aggression

Aggression goes unchecked Japan withdraws from the League

Italy invades Ethiopia 1935 Ethiopian resisted with outdated weapons

Italy invades Ethiopia 1935 King Haile Selassie begged League for help

Italy invades Ethiopia 1935 League imposed sanctions

Italy invades Ethiopia 1935 Ethiopia surrendered in 1936

Italy’s expansion By 1940

Hitler Violates Treaty Builds up military 1936 sends troops into DMZ Rhineland Western democracies denounced his moves, adopts policy of appeasement

Does appeasement work? Britain and France saw the nasty fascist governments as a defense against the bigger evil of communism Depression strapped democracies $ Adopted official policies of pacifism Disgust of WWI pushed governments to avoid war at any costs

Neutrality Acts Passed by US Congress Forbade the sale of arms to any nation at war Outlawed loans to warring nations Prohibited Americans from traveling on ships of warring nations Avoid American involvement in any European war

Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis In the face of apparent weakness of UK, France, and US Japan, Germany, Italy form an alliance Purpose: Agreed to fight against Soviet communism Agreed to stay out of each other’s plans for territorial expansion

Spain collapses into Civil War 1931 monarch removed from power New democratic government set up Internal fighting among political parties ensued

Spain collapses into Civil War 1936 Conservative Francisco Franco led revolt Everybody jumps in- US, UK, Fr. Ger. It. USSR, etc Both sides commit unspeakable atrocities

Hitler, Mussolini back Franco Hitler and Mussolini use Spain as a playground to test their new style of fighting- blitzkrieg Guernica, April 1937. German planes drop their load of bombs Swing low to machine gun any survivors Over 1000 civilians killed Prelude of what was to come…

Nationalist (Fascists) vs. …well everyone else

Picasso’s Guernica

Faces of Aggression Benito Mussolini Adolph Hitler

Faces of Aggression Tojo Hideki Francisco Franco

German Aggression continues… All German people living under German space- “living space” Lebensraum Beginning to create Aryan race Germany had right to conquer Eastern Europe from the inferior Slavs “Nature is cruel…therefore we, too, may be cruel…I have the right to remove millions of an inferior race that breeds like vermin.” Hitler

Austria annexed 1938 Hitler engineers Anschluss- the union of Austria and Germany 1937 Hitler forced Austrian leader to appoint Nazi supporters into positions of power German troops were sent to preserve peace No international interference= success

Anschluss

Sudetenland. The Czech Crisis Hitler demands that 3 million Germans living in Sudetenland be given autonomy Then demands that Sudetenland be annexed to Germany

Sudetenland. The Czech Crisis Munich Conference held 9/38 UK and France caved to Hitler’s demands and force Czech to give land to Germany

“Peace for Our Time” Saved Czechoslovakia from destruction and Europe from Armageddon” Chamberlain told cheering crowds “You fools, why are they cheering” Daladier of France asked of the crowds “They had to choose between war and dishonor. They chose dishonor; they will have war.” Winston Churchill

Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact August 1939 World was stunned when Hitler and Stalin agreed to peaceful existence Secretly, the 2 agreed to not fight each other if one went to war Divided Poland and Eastern European among each other Based upon mutual need

Invasion of Poland One week after signing Nazi- Soviet Nonaggression Pact, Germany invades Poland on September 1, 1939 September 3, 1939 Britain and France declared war on Germany