Starter: Write down 3 - 5 things you notice about this picture. Roman Army 4/09/2016 Lesson Objective. To understand what made the Roman army successful. Starter: Write down 3 - 5 things you notice about this picture. Literacy point – you must use full sentences: In the picture I can see...and … I can also see… Furthermore, there is ...

Learning Outcomes CORE :To be able to use sources of information to answer questions about the past. EXTENSION: To be able to select information from sources using quotations. KILLER: To be able to evaluate sources of information identifying which ones are useful. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Not at all Feel ok about it Feel very confident

Roman Legionnaire Aged over twenty. All regular Roman soldiers (legionnaries) were Roman citizens from all around the Roman Empire. Non-Roman citizens fought for Rome as auxiliaries. They did not earn as much as the legionnaries and they didn’t have such high-quality armour, weapons and equipment. Roman soldiers served for twenty-five years before they were permitted to retire. They received a pension or a gift of land when they left the army. Roman legionaries were not allowed to get married.

How was the Roman army organised? Legion made up of 6000 men Divided into 10 cohorts Divided into 6 centuries 100 100 100 100 100 100 (Each century had 100 men)

What was it like to be a Roman soldier? Roman soldiers had to be tough. They were expected to march 20 miles a day wearing armour. They were also expected to carry their own shield, some food and camping equipment. Soldiers were also trained to fight together. They marched into battle in a flexible line with their shields next to each other. Most of the time the army was not involved in fighting, at this time they built roads, aqueducts, forts, baths and just about anything that you can think of. Some of the army would be trained administrators, who would help gather the taxes.

How did the Roman army work? Watch this video which will explain why the Roman army was so successful. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3iz1_UwD2Fw Now make a list with your partner of at least five reasons why the Roman army was so successful.

Why become a Roman Soldier? You could earn a good reliable wage If you were brave, you were rewarded with a laurel crown! While you are in the Army part of your wages were saved so you could retire in comfort Uniform, weapons and equipment all provided Travel the world You could earn extra money from robbing those you defeated You would be fit, strong and brave – impress all the women!

Sources can be divided into two types: Primary sources – These were made or created around the time they are about. E.g. A Roman Coin Secondary sources – These were made at a later date. E.g. A textbook about the Romans. Can you sort these out into two columns? A newspaper from the day of the Queen’s coronation. A textbook about World War Two. An ancient Egyptian vase A documentary on Roman Britain The diary of a servant in a Roman villa A website on British history

How well-trained were Roman soldiers? Roman soldiers could march 20 miles (30 km) a day wearing armour. Each man carried his weapons and shield, some food and camping equipment. Roman soldiers always obeyed orders. They usually fought in lines, marching forward with their shields facing the enemy. If they were being fired at from above, the men would lift their shields over their heads for protection. They looked like a tortoise, so they called this formation the testudo (Latin for tortoise). From BBC Schools website on The Romans Who wrote this source? When did they write it? Is it a primary or secondary source? What does it say about Roman soldiers? Why has this been written? Why was the Roman army successful according to this source?

How well-trained were Roman soldiers? ‘A young man should have alert eyes and should hold his head upright. He should be broad-chested with powerful shoulders and arms. He should not be pot bellied or have a fat bottom! His calves should not be flabby’. From a 5th Century Roman Army handbook written by a centurion called Vegetius. Who wrote this source? When did they write it? Is it a primary or secondary source? What does it say about Roman soldiers? Why has this been written? Why was the Roman army successful according to this source?

How did this structure help make the Roman Army successful? RALLY ROBIN How did this structure help make the Roman Army successful?

USING SOURCES As the music plays walk slowly round the room. When it stops look at the source closest to you and fill in your sheet with details about the source.

What made the Roman army so successful? POINT: The Roman army were so successful because they were very well trained. EVIDENCE: The picture of the ‘tortoise’ formation shows them ... EVALUATION: This meant that ...

What made the Roman army so successful? POINT: The Roman army were so successful because they were very fit. EVIDENCE: EVALUATION:

PLENARY Look at the questions you wrote at the start of the lesson about the painting. How many of them can you now answer?

Homework Imagine you’re a Roman solider stationed on the frontier between England and Scotland (it’s very cold in the winter). Write a short letter to your parents telling them about your life as a solider, your friends in the army, the weather, the food and requesting your mother send you some underwear (yes this really happened).