Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) progresses with right ventricle volume in children after repair of tetralogy of fallot Pekka Ylitalo, Olli M. Pitkänen,

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Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) progresses with right ventricle volume in children after repair of tetralogy of fallot Pekka Ylitalo, Olli M. Pitkänen, Kirsi Lauerma, Miia Holmström, Otto Rahkonen, Markku Heikinheimo, Heikki Sairanen, Eero Jokinen IJC Heart & Vessels Volume 3, Pages 15-20 (June 2014) DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchv.2014.01.002 Copyright © 2014 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Five-step segmental late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) grading protocol: in the first three segments measuring right ventricular (RV) free wall and the interventricular septum the scoring was done as follows: 0 points = no enhancement, 1 point < 2 cm, 2 points = 2–3 cm and 3 points = > 3 cm in length. RV trabeculations were scored as 0 = no enhancement, 1 = enhancement of one trabeculation, 2 = enhancement of 2–4 trabeculations and 3 = enhancement of more than 4 trabeculations. RV-left ventricular insertion points were scored either 0 or 1 for absence or presence of enhancements. IJC Heart & Vessels 2014 3, 15-20DOI: (10.1016/j.ijchv.2014.01.002) Copyright © 2014 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Transaxial late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) image of a 14-year-old girl with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). The arrows indicate anterior right ventricular (RV) wall enhancements 10 min after gadolinium-injection. IJC Heart & Vessels 2014 3, 15-20DOI: (10.1016/j.ijchv.2014.01.002) Copyright © 2014 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Sagittal late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) image of a 15 year old boy with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). The arrow indicates posterior ventricular junction enhancement 10 min after gadolinium-injection. IJC Heart & Vessels 2014 3, 15-20DOI: (10.1016/j.ijchv.2014.01.002) Copyright © 2014 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 A correlation between right ventricular end diastolic volume (RV EDV) and remote late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) score (r = 0.44, P = 0.0045, n = 40). B: remote late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) score of patients with severe pulmonary regurgitation (PR) (≥ 30%) when compared to patients with PR < 30% (P = 0.008, n = 40). C: correlation between post-operative follow-up time and remote late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) score (r = 0.53, P = 0.006, n = 25). Only patients with ≥ 20% pulmonary regurgitation were included to this analysis. IJC Heart & Vessels 2014 3, 15-20DOI: (10.1016/j.ijchv.2014.01.002) Copyright © 2014 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 A correlation between N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and right ventricular end diastolic volume (r = 0.54, P < 0.0001, n = 83). B: correlation between N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and right ventricular ejection fraction (r = − 0.41, P = 0.0002, n = 83). IJC Heart & Vessels 2014 3, 15-20DOI: (10.1016/j.ijchv.2014.01.002) Copyright © 2014 Terms and Conditions