ECE 5424: Introduction to Machine Learning

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Presentation transcript:

ECE 5424: Introduction to Machine Learning Topics: (Finish) Regression Model selection, Cross-validation Error decomposition Readings: Barber 17.1, 17.2 Stefan Lee Virginia Tech

Administrative Project Proposal HW2 Reminder: Due: Fri 09/23, 11:55 pm NOTE: DEADLINE SHIFTED <=2pages, NIPS format HW2 Due: Wed 09/28, 11:55pm Implement linear regression, Naïve Bayes, Logistic Regression Reminder: Participation on Scholar forum is part of your grade Ask questions if you have them! (C) Dhruv Batra

Recap of last time (C) Dhruv Batra

Regression (C) Dhruv Batra

Slide Credit: Greg Shakhnarovich (C) Dhruv Batra Slide Credit: Greg Shakhnarovich

Slide Credit: Greg Shakhnarovich (C) Dhruv Batra Slide Credit: Greg Shakhnarovich

Slide Credit: Greg Shakhnarovich (C) Dhruv Batra Slide Credit: Greg Shakhnarovich

Slide Credit: Greg Shakhnarovich (C) Dhruv Batra Slide Credit: Greg Shakhnarovich

But, why? Why sum squared error??? Gaussians, Watson, Gaussians… (C) Dhruv Batra

Slide Credit: Greg Shakhnarovich (C) Dhruv Batra Slide Credit: Greg Shakhnarovich

Is OLS Robust? Demo http://www.calpoly.edu/~srein/StatDemo/All.html Bad things happen when the data does not come from your model! How do we fix this? (C) Dhruv Batra

Robust Linear Regression y ~ Lap(w’x, b) On paper (C) Dhruv Batra

Plan for Today (Finish) Regression Error Decomposition Bayesian Regression Different prior vs likelihood combination Polynomial Regression Error Decomposition Bias-Variance Cross-validation (C) Dhruv Batra

Robustify via Prior Ridge Regression y ~ N(w’x, σ2) w ~ N(0, t2I) P(w | x,y) = (C) Dhruv Batra

Summary Likelihood Prior Name Gaussian Uniform Least Squares Ridge Regression Laplace Lasso Robust Regression Student (C) Dhruv Batra

Slide Credit: Greg Shakhnarovich (C) Dhruv Batra Slide Credit: Greg Shakhnarovich

Slide Credit: Greg Shakhnarovich (C) Dhruv Batra Slide Credit: Greg Shakhnarovich

Slide Credit: Greg Shakhnarovich (C) Dhruv Batra Slide Credit: Greg Shakhnarovich

Slide Credit: Greg Shakhnarovich (C) Dhruv Batra Slide Credit: Greg Shakhnarovich

Example Demo http://www.princeton.edu/~rkatzwer/PolynomialRegression/ (C) Dhruv Batra

What you need to know Linear Regression Model Least Squares Objective Connections to Max Likelihood with Gaussian Conditional Robust regression with Laplacian Likelihood Ridge Regression with priors Polynomial and General Additive Regression (C) Dhruv Batra

New Topic: Model Selection and Error Decomposition (C) Dhruv Batra

Example for Regression Demo http://www.princeton.edu/~rkatzwer/PolynomialRegression/ How do we pick the hypothesis class? (C) Dhruv Batra

Model Selection How do we pick the right model class? Similar questions How do I pick magic hyper-parameters? How do I do feature selection? (C) Dhruv Batra

Errors Expected Loss/Error Training Loss/Error Validation Loss/Error Test Loss/Error Reporting Training Error (instead of Test) is CHEATING Optimizing parameters on Test Error is CHEATING (C) Dhruv Batra

Slide Credit: Greg Shakhnarovich (C) Dhruv Batra Slide Credit: Greg Shakhnarovich

Slide Credit: Greg Shakhnarovich (C) Dhruv Batra Slide Credit: Greg Shakhnarovich

Slide Credit: Greg Shakhnarovich (C) Dhruv Batra Slide Credit: Greg Shakhnarovich

Slide Credit: Greg Shakhnarovich (C) Dhruv Batra Slide Credit: Greg Shakhnarovich

Slide Credit: Greg Shakhnarovich (C) Dhruv Batra Slide Credit: Greg Shakhnarovich

Typical Behavior a (C) Dhruv Batra

Overfitting Overfitting: a learning algorithm overfits the training data if it outputs a solution w when there exists another solution w’ such that: (C) Dhruv Batra Slide Credit: Carlos Guestrin

Error Decomposition Reality model class Modeling Error Estimation Error Optimization Error Modelling – right off the bat Estimation – finite sample Optimization – non-convex optimization error (C) Dhruv Batra

Error Decomposition Reality model class Modeling Error Estimation Error Optimization Error Modeling error goes up, estimation error decreases, possible optimization error too model class (C) Dhruv Batra

Higher-Order Potentials Error Decomposition Modeling Error Reality model class Higher-Order Potentials Estimation Error Optimization Error (C) Dhruv Batra

Error Decomposition Approximation/Modeling Error Estimation Error You approximated reality with model Estimation Error You tried to learn model with finite data Optimization Error You were lazy and couldn’t/didn’t optimize to completion (Next time) Bayes Error Reality just sucks (C) Dhruv Batra