Introduction to Anatomy Week 1 Introduction to Anatomy

In the anatomic position: Objective 1 : Anatomical Position In the anatomic position: the body is erect the feet are on the floor toes forward upper appendages are at the sides palms forward face forward

Superior, Cephalic Inferior, Caudal Directional terms are used to describe the position of one structure relative to the position of another structure. Directional terms always assume that the body is in the anatomic position. Superior: above Cranial (Cephalic): toward the head Inferior: below Caudal: toward the tail Superior, Cephalic Inferior, Caudal Think of an example using these terms.

Anterior (Ventral) Posterior (Dorsal) Anterior: front Ventral: toward the belly posterior: behind Dorsal: toward the back Anterior (Ventral) Posterior (Dorsal) Can you think of some examples using these directional terms?

Medial Lateral Intermediate Medial: toward the midline Lateral: away from the midline Intermediate: between a medial and a lateral structure Medial Lateral Intermediate Is the thumb medial or lateral to the middle finger? Think carefully before answering!

Proximal: toward the origin of a body part or attachment to the trunk Distal: away from the origin of a body part or its attachment to the trunk Proximal Distal Would the region of the femur (thigh bone) closest to the tibia (shin) be the proximal or distal end of the femur?

Superficial (External) Deep (Internal) Superficial (External): toward the surface of the body Deep (Internal): away from the surface of the body Superficial (External) Deep (Internal)

Anterior, Cranial, Cephalic Some directional terms are applied differently to quadripeds……. Superior, Dorsal Posterior, Caudal Anterior, Cranial, Cephalic Inferior, Ventral

Regional Terms

Objective 2: Planes (Sections) An organism or organ can be cut (sectioned) along defined planes. These planes are: Sagittal: divides a structure into right and left portions midsagittal: produces equal right and left portions parasagittal: produces unequal right and left portions                                                                                                                                                      There are an infinite .                     Midsagittal (Median) Sagittal, Parasagittal

Serial Sections Homepage                                                                                            High Power Extract m.hill@unsw.edu.au Date Last Modified: 19/3/99 This site maintained by Dr M. Hill     Sagittal Sections Knee Foot knee Thorax, female Links Serial Sections Homepage Human Homepage Pig Homepage Sagittal Sections

Transverse:. divides a structure into superior and inferior portions; Transverse: divides a structure into superior and inferior portions; also called a horizontal, or cross section                                                       The Horizontal

Transverse (Horizontal) Sections Thorax Right Arm

The Coronal plane is any Frontal: divides a structure into anterior and posterior portions; also called coronal                                                       The Coronal plane is any Is the palm of the hand anterior or posterior to the surface with the knuckles?

Coronal (Frontal) Sections Nasal Cavity Wrist Brain

Objective 3: Body Cavities and Abdominopelvic Regions A body cavity is a space within the body that contains organs (viscera). There are two major body cavities: Dorsal cavity: includes the cranial cavity which houses the brain and the spinal (vertebral) cavity which houses the spinal cord

Ventral cavity:. includes the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic Ventral cavity: includes the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity which are separated from each other by a thin muscle called the respiratory diaphragm Abdominopelvic cavity: is subdivided into the abdominal and pelvic cavities

Pelvic and Abdominal cavities The thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities are separated from one another by the respiratory diaphragm The abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity are separated from one another by an imaginary line called the pelvic inlet The boundaries of this imaginary line are the bones that make up the pelvis Thoracic cavity Respiratory diaphragm Abdominal cavity Pelvic inlet Pelvic cavity

The Pelvic Inlet

Ventral Cavity Abdominopelvic Cavity Thoracic Cavity Pelvic Cavity Superior to the diaphragm Viscera there include the heart, lungs, thymus gland, trachea, esophagus Abdominopelvic Cavity Inferior to the diaphragm Pelvic Cavity Viscera there include The urinary bladder, Internal organs of Reproduction, urethra (in women), and Some portions of the Large intestine Abdominal Cavity Viscera there include The stomach, liver, Gall bladder, spleen, Pancreas, kidney, Ureters, small Intestine, and most Of the large intestine

Objective 3: Abdominopelvic regions The abdomen is divided into nine regions by four imaginary lines, two vertical and two horizontal.

Objective 4: Organs and Organ Systems Can you identify these body systems? What is their function? Name two organs in each system.

Can you identify these body systems? What is their function? Name two organs in each system.

Can you identify these body systems? What is their function? Name two organs in each system.

Can you identify these body systems? What is their function? Name two organs in each system.