Routes of Administration

State Standard 1) Receive and screen prescription/medication orders for completeness and authenticity, identifying generic and name brands of pharmaceuticals, strengths/dose, dosage form, physical appearance, route of administration, and duration of drug therapy. Develop an informative brochure explaining the top 200 medications per the criteria previous listed. 5) Research the basic chemical properties, physical properties, dosages, and indications of legend for selected over-the-counter (OTC) drugs and herbal and dietary supplements. Illustrate findings in an oral, visual, or digital presentation, citing information obtained from print and online medical sites such as the U.S. National Library of Medicine databases.

Objectives Students will be able to… Determine the most common routes of administration for drugs. Research insulin types and educate a new diabetic patient over administration/routes for their insulin.

Delayed and Extended Releases Medications released over a period of time Extended release (ER) Long acting (LA) Sustained release (SR) Time release (TR) Controlled release (CR)

Routes of Administration Method by which medication is introduced into the body for absorption and distribution Varies from patient to patient Factors include patient's age, consciousness, medical condition, time to achieve results, and side effects.

Routes of Administration Oral Abbreviation: PO (per os, Latin for "by mouth") Advantages Safe, convenient, easy to store; readily available; lower cost, immediate release or extended release; easy to self-administer

Routes of Administration Oral Disadvantages Hard to swallow for those who are children, elderly, unconscious, ventilated, or having digestion problems Take longer to absorb and distribute

Routes of Administration Oral Sublingual Tablets administered under the tongue, bypassing the digestive system and diffusing directly into the blood supply Buccal Tablets and lozenges/troches administered between the gum and cheek, absorbed into bloodstream through mucous membranes

Routes of Administration Transdermal (percutaneous) Generally uses patch applied to skin Delivers medication to bloodstream Two kinds of patches One controls rate of delivery to skin and bloodstream One lets skin control rate of delivery

Routes of Administration Inhalation Medication inhaled through mouth directly into lungs Effective for lung conditions when immediate relief is needed Nasal Inhaled through nose and absorbed into the bloodstream Sprayed into nose for local effects

Routes of Administration Parenteral Medication does not pass through the gastrointestinal system. Quicker absorption and distribution Convenient for those who cannot take medicine orally Varied rate of delivery Dosage must be correct because action is immediate and unreversable.

Routes of Administration Parenteral Intradermal (ID) Injection into top layers of skin Subcutaneous (SC) Injection into tissue under the skin

Routes of Administration Parenteral Intramuscular (IM) Injection into large muscle masses, such as upper arm, thigh, buttock Intravenous (IV) Medication administered directly into vein

Routes of Administration Parenteral Other parenteral routes include: Implant Device inserted into the body to slowly release medication Intra-arterial Injection into artery Intra-articular Injection within joint

Routes of Administration Parenteral Other parenteral routes include: Intracardiac Injection into heart Intraperitoneal Injection into abdominal or peritoneal cavity Intrapleural Injection into sac (pleura) surrounding lungs

Routes of Administration Parenteral Other parenteral routes include: Intrathecal Injection into cerebrospinal fluid around spinal cord Intraventricular Injecting antibiotics or chemotherapy agents into brain cavities (ventricles)

Routes of Administration Parenteral Other parenteral routes include: Intravesicular Injection into urinary bladder Intravitreal Injection into vitreous body of the eye

Routes of Administration Topical Administered externally to the skin Absorbed into the mucous membrane, preventing particles from being absorbed into the bloodstream Rectal Administered through the rectum for local or systemic effects

Routes of Administration Vaginal Medications inserted into vagina for absorption and distribution for local or systemic conditions Ophthalmic Solutions, ointments, suspensions, or gels administered through the eye Treats conditions of the eye directly

Routes of Administration Otic Medications administered in the ear to treat infections, inflammation, and severe wax buildup Solutions and suspensions absorbed in the ear canal for immediate relief

Activity Complete drug cards for the following… Fluoxetine (Prozac) Insulin (Lantus) Fluconazole (Diflucan) Research the 4 types of insulin, Brand name of each, the time of onset (time to start working), how each is administered, explain proper procedure for injections including what parts of the body to inject (include a drawing showing an injection). Create a teaching plan for a newly found diabetic teenager using the information that your have found. Make sure it is on their education level (8th Grade)