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Matter Matter = any material substance with Mass, Density & Volume What is Matter? Where is Matter made? Matter = any material substance with Mass, Density & Volume

Matter comes in 3 phases Liquid Solid Gas

Solid Definite Shape Definite Volume

Liquid Indefinite Shape – takes the shape of the container Definite Volume

Gas Indefinite Shape – takes the shape of the container Indefinite Volume – can expand and be compressed

Elements one of the 100+ pure substances that make up everything in the universe

Examples of Elements C = Carbon Na = Sodium O = Oxygen Ca = Calcium K = Potassium H = Hydrogen I = Iodine N = Nitrogen Cl = Chlorine S = Sulfur P = Phosphorus

C. Elements All matter is composed of elements Substances that cannot be broken into simple substances by chemical means 46.6% Oxygen (O) 27.7% Silicon (Si) 8.1% Aluminum (Al) 5.0% Iron (Fe) 3.6% Calcium (Ca) 2.8% Sodium (Na) 2.6% Potassium (K) 2.1% Magnesium (Mg) Most Common Elements in Earth’s Crust

Atom the smallest particle making up elements How Small Is an Atom??

Bohr Model

Sub-atomic Particles Protons p+ - positive charge, in nucleus Neutrons n0 – no charge, in nucleus Electrons - e- negative charge, orbiting nucleus

Periodic Table Cheat Sheet: Atomic Number = # of protons Atomic mass= # of protons & neutrons Electrons= same # of protons (for stable elements)

C Drawing an Atom of Carbon 6 12.011 Atomic # = # of p+ and # of e- Carbon has 6 p+ and 6 e- Atomic Mass minus Atomic # = # of n0 Carbon has 6 n0

Drawing an Atom of Carbon e- e- 6 p+ 6 n0

E. Compounds A substance made of atoms combined in a fixed proportion. Ex. H – H – O = water Ex. H2O + Na = Saltwater

Reading Chemical Compounds How many different elements? H2O How many total atoms? NaCl H2SO4 Be(OH)2

Properties – The way a chemical substance looks and behaves Compounds Compounds - 2 or more elements chemically combined to form a new substance with new properties Properties – The way a chemical substance looks and behaves

Compounds Compounds – are made of 2 or more different atoms combined to form Molecules H O H + O H2O = Chemical formula lists the number of different atoms in a single molecule Structural formula shows the arrangement of the atoms in a single molecule

Molecules Glucose Sugar C6H12O6 Chemical formula Structural formula C

Compounds or Inorganic Compounds Organic Compounds usually don’t contain Carbon generally come from the earth generally simple molecules always contain C & H and usually O, N, sometimes S & P originate in organisms generally complex molecules

Examples of Inorganic Compounds H + O = H2O = Water H + Cl = HCl = Hydrochloric Acid C + O = CO2 = Carbon Dioxide Na + Cl = NaCl = Common Table Salt

Examples of Organic Compounds C, H + O Carbohydrates = Sugars, starches & cellulose C, H + O Lipids = Fats & Oils C, H, O, N, & sometimes P + S Proteins C, H, O, N, + P Nucleic Acids – DNA & RNA

PT Interactive Bozeman Science -Atoms and Periodic Table

D. Isotopes 1. Definition: Atoms of the same number of protons, different number of neutrons Ex. Carbon-12 & Carbon-14 2. Useful because they decay at a specific rate. -tells us the age of a rock or fossil

1.Atom attraction a. Atoms in their normal state have an equal # of protons & electrons. b. Said to be “stable” 2. Ion a. An atom that gains or loses one or more electrons becoming either more positively or negatively charged

3. Ionic Bonds- electrons are transferred 4 3. Ionic Bonds- electrons are transferred 4. Covalent bonds-electrons are shared http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yjge1WdCFPs&feature=related

1. When an atom gains or loses an electron it is now called an ____. Ion

2. How many different elements are in the following compound? (CH3)2CO Answer- 3

3. How many total atoms are in the following compound? (CH3)2CO Answer- 10

4. The atomic number tells how many ____________ are in the element. protons

5. What type of chemically bonding involves the sharing of electrons? Covalent

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Diga, diga, diga, diga, that’s all folks! Chemistry Diga, diga, diga, diga, that’s all folks!