Dawn of the Industrial Age Chapter 7

Turning Point in History Late 1700s most Europeans lived on farms Industrial Revolution caused farming life to disappear Improvement in production, agriculture, travel, etc. Allowed populations to move around Created lifestyle and society we know today Modern medicine (anesthetic)

Agricultural Revolution MADE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION POSSIBLE!! Dutch inventions Dike systems – reclaimed land Combined smaller fields Used fertilizer British expanded ideas Mixed different soils Crop rotation – used turnips to renew soil Jethro Tull invented seed drill Shared farming methods across nations

Enclosure Movement Rich landowners accumulated land Larger fields cultivated more efficiently Large farming profits Little labor required Farmhands lost jobs Small farms forced out Jobless farmers migrated to cities Enlarged labor force for Industrial Revolution

Population Explosion Increase in: European population 1700 – 1800 Hygiene Food output Birth rates Health care European population 1700 – 1800 ~120 Million - ~190 Million

New Technology Energy Revolution Coal 1712 Thomas Newcomen developed steam engine Powered by coal Pumped water out of mines 1792 James Watt improved steam engine https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=6mNsPjHqxz4

Improved Iron Abraham Darby Created better less expensive iron Used coal to smelt iron Found ways to remove coal impurities Created better less expensive iron

Review What revolution facilitated the Industrial Revolution? What were 2 inventions from the Dutch that facilitate the Revolution? What were 2 inventions from the British that facilitated the Revolution? What allowed for less labor on farms? What were 2 causes for the massive population expansion?

Britain Leads the Way

Why Britain? (Necessary Conditions) Resources Large supplies of coal & iron Agricultural revolution freed up labor resources Economic Conditions Overseas empire Extremely rich business class Population explosion

Why Britain? (Additional Conditions) Political & Social Conditions Stable government & protective navy Religious attitudes Only possible due to all previous conditions New Technology Not only place with tech Population of exploring engineers

Textile Industry Putting out system New inventions Flying Shuttle – outpaced spinners Creation of spinning jenny Waterframe – increased speed of spinning New machines too large for homes Creation of factories

Transportation Revolution Increased production caused need for more transport Faster, cheaper Turnpikes Private roads Canals Manmade rivers

Land Travel George Stephenson developed steam powered locomotive Early 1800s Tracks could go where rivers could not 1830 First major railroad Connected Liverpool to Manchester 1870 Train major form of transport across Europe & N. America

Sea Travel Robert Fulton (American) 1807 Created Clermont First steamboat Traveled up Hudson River Record Breaking Speed!! (5mph) Ocean steamships took longer to develop Too much coal to power Developed end of century

Moving Ahead Population Increase Labor Increase Production Increase Lower Prices Higher Demand Profit Increase Business Investment

Closure What revolution laid the groundwork for the Industrial Revolution? Why did the population increase so dramatically? Who invented the steam engine? Who improved it? What were the 4 underlying reasons the Industrial Revolution began in Britain? How does the innovation in the textile industry represent the cycle of invention during the Industrial Revolution? What invention created the ability to move large amounts of goods across long sections of land?