INDUS BASIN CHALLENGE – THE NEED FOR A COLLECTIVE RESPONSE

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Presentation transcript:

INDUS BASIN CHALLENGE – THE NEED FOR A COLLECTIVE RESPONSE Dams, Dams and Even More Dams (Storages, Storages & More Storages) AHMAD KHAN BHATTI May , 2016

NEED FOR STORAGE Our Water Resources: Rainfall, snow & glacier melt (What comes from the Sky) Large seasonal and annual variability 85% during Kharif (more than our need for Kharif) 15% during Rabi (less than our requirement for Rabi) Surplus from Summer months needs to be stored for Winter

Historic pattern of wet and dry years CARRY OVER STORAGE Historic pattern of wet and dry years Drought years 74-75, 82-83, 2000-2002 (Jhelum & Chenab – 1999-2000) Storage needed to conserve water for drought periods Carry over storage not available at present

CARRY OVER CAPACITY OF DIFFERENT COUNTRIES Storage Capacity per Capita: USA - 5000 Cubic Meters China - 2200 Cubic Meters Pakistan - 150 Cubic Meters Carry-over Capacity: Colorado River (USA) - 900 days of river runoff Murray-Darling River (Australia) - 900 days of river runoff Aswan Dam (Egypt) - 700 days of river runoff India (Different Basins) - 120-200 days Pakistan - 30 days (about 10% of river flow against international good practice of 40%)

WHERE TO STORE WATER Large storages possible only on large rivers Indus: - Shyok / Katzarah - 6MAF / 690MW - Bhasha - 8.1MAF / 4500MW - Kalabagh - 6.1MAF / 3600MW Jhelum: Some sites between Muzafarabad & Mangla Chenab: – No Site for large Dam (except small storages at Marala and Chiniot) Medium and small storage on streams and nullahs (where feasible)

OFF CHANNEL STORAGES Indus - Akhori Dam - Dhok Pathan Jhelum (Serious Environment Issues) Jhelum - Rohtas (Serious Environment Issues) 6MAF / 600MW

AKHORI DAM LAYOUT PLAN

DHOK PATHAN DAM LAYOUT PLAN

BENEFITS OF STORING WATER Food security Drinking water supply Cheap Hydropower Flood Management Drought mitigation Environmental benefits Economic benefits during construction

STORING WATER UNDERGROUND Huge Potential Safe from Evaporation Losses Safe from Sedimentation No Conveyance System required Available on demand Efficient use of water

HOW TO CREATE UNDERGROUND STORAGE Taking flood water to designated storage sites: - Greater Thal Canal - Thar Canal (two lakes 0.45 MAF) In River Beds of eastern rivers (Ravi, Sutlej) Local retention of water in the fields by restricted entry to surface drains Artificial Recharge - in drain beds - Urban areas - Horizontal/vertical shafts

MORATORIUM ON DAMS & DEVELOPMENT THROUGH: Dis-information: Sindh will become a desert Flooding upstream in Nowshehra Water logging & salinity in Mardan & Pabbi Specific case of disinformation - water is being pumped out from CJ Link Canal - Work on Kalabagh Dam has already started

THANK YOU