Political Classifications Supranational “Governments” National Governments Governments by Mode of Succession Governments by Type of Rule Governments by Structure Levels of Government Branches of Government

Supranational Political Systems Empires e.g. British, Roman, and Ottoman a major political unit having a territory of great extent or a number of territories or peoples under a single sovereign authority

Supranational Political Systems Leagues e.g. Baltic, Arab; also League of Nations an association of nations or other political entities for a common purpose

Supranational Political Systems Confederations e.g. European Union is a large state composed of many self-governing regions has a very weak central government with little influence over the actions or policies of the member regions

Supranational Political Systems Federations e.g. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics formed by a compact between political units that surrender their individual sovereignty to a central authority but retain limited residuary powers of government

Supranational Political Systems United Nations voluntary association of most of the world's nation-states not a world government, does not make laws, and does not have its own police force or military

National Political Systems Unitary Nation-States e.g. Belgium, Bulgaria, France, The Netherlands, Japan, Poland, Romania, the United Kingdom, the Scandinavian countries, Spain, and many of the Latin-American and African countries basically a single tier of government with varying degrees decentralization - some are decentralized so much as to resemble federal states, some allow limited regional rule, others have only token decentralization

National Political Systems Federal Systems political authority is divided between two autonomous sets of governments, one national and the other sub-national, both of which operate directly upon the people Jot down a few examples of the world’s federations as the maps appear on the next few slides.

National Political Systems Federations of the World

National Political Systems Federations of North America

National Political Systems Federations of South America

National Political Systems Federations of Africa

National Political Systems Federations of Europe

National Political Systems Federations of Asia

National Political Systems Federations of Oceania

Govts by Mode of Succession Hereditary Succession Succession by Constitutional Prescription Succession by Election Succession by Force

Govts by Mode of Succession Hereditary Succession e.g. western Europe monarchies, and some Arab nations Often first-born son, then his first-born son, ….

Govts by Mode of Succession Monarchies of the World Currently there are 29 monarchs reigning over 44 countries (QEII is Head of State for 16 countries)

Govts by Mode of Succession Succession by Constitutional Prescription e.g. United States Next leader already specified by law

Govts by Mode of Succession Succession by Election e.g. Canada Next person is chosen by party vote (a leadership convention) or general election

Govts by Mode of Succession

Govts by Mode of Succession Succession by Force e.g. Hitler’s Germany, Mussolini’s Italy

Levels of Government National/ Federal Sub-National/Provincial Municipal School Board

Levels of Government National e.g. Government of Canada www.canada.ca Country

Governor General, Prime Minister, & Federal Cabinet Levels of Government Governor General, Prime Minister, & Federal Cabinet

Levels of Government National Powers and Responsibilities National Defense Unemployment Insurance Postal Service Trade Regulation External Relations Money and Banking Citizenship Indian Affairs Criminal Law plus anything else not identified in the constitution

Levels of Government Sub-National e.g. Government of Ontario www.ontario.ca Province, Territory, State (U.S), or Canton (Switz)

Lieutenant Governor, Premier, and the Provincial Cabinet Levels of Government Lieutenant Governor, Premier, and the Provincial Cabinet

Levels of Government Provincial Powers and Responsibilities Property and Civil Rights Administration of Justice Education Health Welfare Natural Resources Licensing Charities Civil Laws Municipalities

Levels of Government Municipal City of Toronto www.toronto.ca City, Town, Township, Municipality

Levels of Government Mayor John Tory and Council

Levels of Government Local Municipality Responsibilities Only has powers that regional governments give them Urban Planning Fire Protection Economic Development Building Code Property Standards Water Distribution Sewage Collection Parks & Recreation Libraries

Levels of Government All three levels of government mentioned so far all share responsibilities in the areas of Transportation King’s Highways Trans-Canada Highway, Ports, Airports, Pipelines, Railways Regional Roads City Streets Policing RCMP OPP DRPS Laws and By-Laws

Levels of Government School Board e.g.Toronto District School Board www.tdsb.on.ca Number of School Boards in Ontario: English Public 31 English Catholic 29 French Public 4 French Catholic 8

Levels of Government School Board Responsibilities the hiring of school administrative staff, the maintenance of buildings and property, the provision of learning materials and resources for students, the transportation of students, the development of locally initiated courses and programs, the provision of instructional support services, and the development of policies to govern the operation of the school system.