Genetics and Heredity EPISD Standards Based Curriculum 2013-2014

GENE – code for a specific trait Image taken from: http://science.howstuffworks.com/life/cellular-microscopic/cell7.htm EPISD Standards Based Curriculum 2013-2014

DNA - genetic material that carries information about the organism Image taken from http://www.medicaldevicepatentattorneys.com/2012/12/articles/discussion-on-the-gene-patent-debate/ EPISD Standards Based Curriculum 2013-2014

CHROMOSOME – a threadlike cellular structure that carries genetic information Image taken from http://www.futurity.org/tag/chromosome/ EPISD Standards Based Curriculum 2013-2014

NUCLEUS – control center of the cell that direct’s the cells activities Image taken from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/cell-nucleus-structure-and-functions.html EPISD Standards Based Curriculum 2013-2014

CELL – the basic unit of structure and function in living things Image taken from http://www.phoenix5.org/glossary/cells.html EPISD Standards Based Curriculum 2013-2014

The chromosomes contain tightly coiled strands of DNA Image taken from http://education.technyou.edu.au/book/export/html/91 There are 100 trillion cells inside the average human. Each nucleus contains 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs The chromosomes contain tightly coiled strands of DNA One chromosome in every pair comes from each parent Genes are sections of DNA that contain the codes for building proteins. EPISD Standards Based Curriculum 2013-2014

Sexual vs. Asexual Reproduction TEKS 7.14 The student knows that reproduction is a characteristic of living organisms and that the instructions for traits are governed in the genetic material. define heredity as the passage of genetic instructions from one generation to the next generation. compare the results of uniform or diverse offspring from sexual or asexual reproduction. Supporting Standard recognize that inherited traits from individuals are governed in the genetic material found in genes within chromosomes in the nucleus. Supporting Standard EPISD Standards Based Curriculum 2013-2014

Sexual Reproduction vs Asexual Reproduction EPISD Standards Based Curriculum 2013-2014

Sentence Stems One characteristic of asexual reproduction is… One characteristic of sexual reproduction is… One characteristic sexual and asexual reproduction have in common is… EPISD Standards Based Curriculum 2013-2014

Advantages/Disadvantages Sexual Reproduction Asexual Reproduction Advantages: Disadvantages: Advantages: Disadvantages: What does the student think the advantages and disadvantages are on both types of reproduction? EPISD Standards Based Curriculum 2013-2014

Define Heredity Look back at your definition of heredity from the Engage activity. Do you still agree with that definition? Or would you like to modify it? EPISD Standards Based Curriculum 2013-2014

Where is the genetic material stored? Think back on the models that you made during the Explore investigations. Where was the genetic material found? What happened when there were two different genes? EPISD Standards Based Curriculum 2013-2014

Sexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction Two parents Sex cells: sperm and egg Sperm and egg join= fertilization Offspring look different from parent EPISD Standards Based Curriculum 2013-2014

Asexual Reproduction Asexual Reproduction One parent No sex cells Offspring produced by cell division Offspring identical to parent (same DNA) Several types in plants and animals EPISD Standards Based Curriculum 2013-2014

Types of Asexual Reproduction Binary Fission Organism divides in half Two identical daughter cells produced Daughter cells are half the parent’s size Daughter cells grow, then divide too Ex: bacteria EPISD Standards Based Curriculum 2013-2014

Types of Asexual Reproduction Budding Small bud grows out of parent cell Two different sized cells made (with identical DNA) Bud breaks off and grows Ex: yeast and hydra EPISD Standards Based Curriculum 2013-2014

Sexual vs. Asexual Reproduction Type of Reproduction Advantages Disadvantages Sexual diversity of offspring requires a mate to reproduce offspring less like to have mutations show up slower population growth Asexual does not require a mate for reproduction to take place lack of diversity in offspring can increase population rapidly reproduce genetically identical to parents, the offspring inherit any mutations of the parents EPISD Standards Based Curriculum 2013-2014

Video Clips taken from youtube.com: Sexual Reproduction: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tFZeyFbBLXE Asexual Reproduction: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jk2RJm5RBEk EPISD Standards Based Curriculum 2013-2014