Supreme Court Cases You Need to Know

Strengthened National Government Marbury v. Madison: judicial review Supreme Court can declare laws unconstitutional McCulloch v. Maryland: National Supremacy States cannot tax federal agencies

Civil Rights: Equal Protection 14th Amendment equal protection clause Plessy v. Ferguson Separate but equal is OK Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, KS Overturned Plessy decision Baker v. Carr Federal Courts CAN overturn voting district lines Korematsu v. United States Fed. Gov. COULD intern Japanese-Americans in WWII Bakke v. Regents of University of CA University CAN use race as a factor University CANNOT use quotas

Criminal Justice/Due Process 14th Amendment: Due Process Clause Selective Incorporation Mapp v. Ohio 4th Amendment (search/seizure) Gideon v. Wainwright 6th Amendment (right to counsel) Miranda v. Arizona 5th Amendment (self-incrimination)

Privacy Right to privacy IMPLIED in Bill of Rights 1st, 4th, 5th amendments Roe v. Wade- states cannot ban abortion Violation of right to privacy Cases regarding homosexuality laws apply Lawrence v. Texas- states cannot criminalize sex between homosexuals Cases involving birth control laws apply

Restrictions on Federal Power US v. Nixon Executive privilege is NOT protected in criminal investigation Nixon had to turn over Watergate tapes

Freedom of Religion Establishment Clause Free Exercise Clause Engel v. Vitale (school prayer) Lemon v. Kurtzman (state funding for private religious schools) “Lemon Test”: secular purpose? Free Exercise Clause Reynolds v. United States (polygamy) Oregon v. Smith (drug use in religious ceremonies) CANNOT violate laws intended for all