Simple Compound Complex Compound-Complex Types of Sentences Simple Compound Complex Compound-Complex NON-sentences: Fragment Run-on

OR 2 or more independent clauses joined by a Sentences – Defined Simple sentence = 1 independent clause May have a compound subject, compound predicate, and/or contain phrases Compound subject example – Lenny and Mo Compound verb example – Hiked and camped Compound sentence = 2 or more independent clauses joined by a comma and a coordinating conjunction OR 2 or more independent clauses joined by a semi-colon

Complex sentence = one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses Compound-Complex = more than one independent clause and at least one dependent clause

A clause is a subject and predicate (verb) working together. CLAUSES A clause is a subject and predicate (verb) working together. I am. Reading is fun. I study hard so I get good grades.

Dependent clause Dependent clause – a group of words that contains a subject and verb, but does not express a complete thought and cannot stand alone A dependent clause begins with a relative pronoun* or a subordinating conjunction*. *relative pronouns – who, whom, whose, which, that *subordinating conjunctions – after, although, as, as if, because, before, if, even if, since, so, that, unless, when, whenever, where, wherever, while

Independent clause Independent clause – a simple sentence; it expresses a complete thought and can stand alone.

Conjunctions Conjunctions join words, clauses, and phrases. Examples: Rob and I went to the movies. (words) Ella is a good singer, but she is an amazing dancer. (clauses) We ran through the woods and over the bridge. (phrases) There are 3 types of conjunctions - coordinating, subordinating, and correlative

Coordinating Conjunctions F.A.N.B.O.Y.S. For And Nor But Or Yet So

Subordinating Conjunctions Most common subordinators After Now that When Although Once Whenever As Since Where Because That Wherever Before Though While Even if Unless If Until

Correlative Conjunctions Some conjunctions combine with other words to form what are called correlative conjunctions. Correlative conjunctions always travel in pairs. Examples: You should either study for the exam or finish your homework. Today, it was not only warm but also humid. both . . . and either . . . or neither . . . nor whether . . . or not only . . . but also as . . . as

PRACTICE Identifying Types of Sentences 1. Many people do not connect Alabama and the ocean. 2. However, the Alabama coast boasts some of the prettiest beaches in the entire Gulf of Mexico. 3. The Alabama coast line is only about 50 miles long, but the part from Fort Morgan to Orange Beach is beautiful. 4. Tourists flock to the coast from all parts of the country and enjoy many activities there. 5. Fishing and golf are major attractions, although many visitors just enjoy time on the beaches. 6. Visit Alabama beaches.

Joining Clauses Use a subordinating conjunction. Use a coordinating conjunction. Examples Wrong: I got home, mom yelled at me. (run-on!) Right: When I got home, mom yelled at me. (complex sentence) Wrong: Pizza tastes good cookies taste better. (run-on!) Right: Pizza tastes good, but cookies taste better. (compound sentence)

Practice Directions: use subordinating and coordinating conjunctions to join the clauses into a single sentence. Rewrite the sentences and change words and tenses if necessary, but do not remove information. Be sure you don't create a run-on sentence!

Example: 1. Bob went to school 2. Bob forgot to bring his home work 3. Bob had a bad day Bob had a bad day at school because he forgot his homework. red=independent yellow=dependent

1 Jenna’s favorite singer is Taylor Swift. I like the Martina McBride. I am old school. 2 Surfing can be dangerous. Sitting on the beach is safe. I’m not going out into the ocean.

3 Surfing can be dangerous. Sitting on the beach is safe. I’m not going out into the ocean. 4 Sophie studied. Sophie made a good grade Sophie was happy.

Identify the Type of Sentence Look for: Simple sentences Simple sentences with compound predicate (verb) Compound sentences Complex sentences

TYPES OF PHRASES What is a phrase? A phrase is a group of words related to the subject or predicate. There are different kinds of phrases Gerund phrase - Hiding under the table, the dog knew he was bad. Appositive phrase - Warren, the school’s best basketball player, arranged a game. Prepositional phrase – During the storm the TV fell off the table and smashed on the tile floor. Infinitive phrase – I am afraid to kill a spider.

Run-On Sentences A run-on sentence is created when 2 (or more) independent clauses are SMUSHED together without appropriate punctuation. Remember, a comma CANNOT separate independent clauses. Examples: I got home, mom yelled at me. Pizza tastes good cookies taste better. Get your work in the quarter is almost over.

3 ways to FIX a Run-On Sentence Use a comma (,) and a conjunction to separate the independent clauses. Use a semi-colon to separate the independent clauses. Use a period to separate the independent clauses into 2 simple sentences.

Practice Read each group of words. Determine if the group is a fragment (F), run-on (R-O), or complete sentence (CS). Write the abbreviation of the answer on your paper. If the sentences is a (F) or a (R-O) fix it! 1. Let’s visit Emily. 2. We can take the subway, the ride costs 50 cents. 3. Get off at Park Street walk three blocks north. 4. Emma lives in the new brick building on the corner. 5. At the hospital in the emergency room. 6. My mom and I waited 4 hours for the doctor to see me. 7. My arm is broken in two places I have to wear a cast for 6 weeks. 8. Because I studied. 9. The test was easy, everyone made a good grade. 10. I’m glad I remembered to review my notes!